1918.] The Tattva-cintamani. 321 
through the knowledge of likeness independent of the know- 
ledge of invariable concomitance which is indispensable to an 
inference. Moreover in the case of knowledge derived through 
oo there is in us a self- -consciousness of the form “ I 
mpare ”’ but not of the Rice * T infer 
Book IV. 
We HEWH—Verbal Testimony. 
we freq” | 
Definition of Verbal Testimony. 
A speech! Sebo is a means of valid knowledge if it is 
“reat ny a person as an outcome of his true knowledge of 
meaning, a8 the speech, viz. a horse runs, is a means of 
valid knowledge if it has been uttered by a person who knows 
its meaning. The means by which or the process in which the 
valid knowledge is derived is called he testimony (sabda- 
pramanam). A speech uttered by a per n who does not know 
its a may produce knowledge Tie: validity of which is 
uncertain 
WIsx Te: | 
Verbal Knowledge. 
nowledge derived from a speech is called verbal 
Sistine (sabda bodhah). It is the knowledge of the mutual 
connection of things signified by words which possess expec- 
tancy > consistency, contiguity and potentiality, and convey 
intention. The process in Mic the verbal knowledge is pro- 
duced is described as folloy 
A speech—ghatah asti ieee isa po t). 
(i.) At first there is the hearing * eps sravanam) 
of eer in es oo . ghata+h+as+ti 
oe case- -ending sw), of “existing” signified by 
> and of ‘the state of abiding ”” signified b; 
“ti ti” (a verbal termination in the third person, 
ingular number, present tens e). 
iy Aehareands there is the knowledge of the mutual 
1 1 + Speech atonift e led f 
gnifies ‘‘the knowledge of speech. 
ords need not always be ac coe see hear 4 but sometimes we 
2 The w 
may sre Say them from a written statemen 
