1918.] The Fifth Indian Science Congress. exli 
in five volumes. Artedi attached a descriptive phrase, consist- 
ing often of a number of words, to the name of each genus to 
make up the name of thespecies. This system of nomenclature 
is called polynomial. To Artedi we are indebted for references 
to a large number of our fish; his genera are in almost all cases 
“ay groups corresponding essentially to the families of 
to-day. 
L. T. Gronow, a German, who resided in Holland, closely 
followed the arrangement proposed by Artedi and increased the 
number of genera and species from the contents of his own 
labours of J. T. Klein (1685—1759) which are embodied in five 
parts of a work entitled Historia Naturalis Piscium (1740—49). 
Jan Nieuhof (1600—1671) also wrote on the fishes of the Dutch 
East Indies. 
_,, vO hundred years ago, in about 1718, Henry Ruysch 
published at Amsterdam descriptions with drawings of four 
undred fishes from India new to science. Eight years after 
in two volumes was published at Amsterdam in 1754 by 
Renard. These fishes were painted in colours by the order of 
M. Balthazar Coyett, when he was Governor of the Molucea 
Jslands. Most of these figures agree with those of Valentijn. 
‘The style of drawing in all the three above-mentioned collec - 
which Subsequent discoveries proved true. 
hors and compilers followed the cumbrous 
rt 
que Of whom proce iscovery to foreign and 
distant eNetral eded on voyages of discovery gn 
wis Carl von Linné, known academically as Carolus Linnaeus, 
Artege early associate and close friend of Artedi and from 
Tins, he obtained practically all his knowledge of fishes. 
‘“ naeus Soon substituted for the polynomial method the con- 
Ment and inevitable binomial system which has now endured 
