1918.| The Fifth Indian Science Congress. elit 
solid masses of cells surrounding a few muscular fibres; the second as 
relia onereag structures around the margins of perforations in the 
Neither of these views is correct; the glands are forward eva- 
i sacs, within whic 
rarely found, at any rate in specimens at Lahore; a more complete hist 
ee ee a of these structures is given than had fate ab wee 
The valves of the bloodvessels in the genus Pheretima.— 
IBBU. 
The valves and the course of the circulation (which depends largely 
on the position and direction of the valves) have been studied by a large 
number of observers, but mostly inthe Lumbricidae. Bourne is he aly 
investigator who has published an account of the subject in any Indian 
earthworm ; hi ies on Megase Us 
n Pheretima the valves o e dorsal vessel have the same positi 
_and structure as in the ponere e eody investigated. In the ,condition a 
the hearts, however, Pheretima differs from bo th the Lumbrididae, which 
have valves along the course of the hearts, er from Megascolex, be 
there are no valves at the junction with the ventral vessel (at leas 
Bourne does not mention any); in Phivetieaes the valves are at the sae c- 
tions with the supra-intestinal and ventral vessels. The septal loops 
rsal ves 
e disposition of these latter valves shows shai the blood must enter 
the dorsal vessel from the septal loops, which correspond to the dorso- 
parietal and dorso-integumen ntary vessels of a number of authors. This 
view of the: tier: oh is opposed to that of Bourne and Beddard, but 
“grees with that of most other writers 
The origin and ethnological significance of Indian boat 
designs.— By J. Horne. 
The principal types of existing small craft comprise :— 
The dug-out 
The o paitizger’D eat ign in i oe either with 
(a) the float boomed o 
(6) a transversely pla vi ‘balance er amid-ships. 
ee fo 
ed boats b : 
mS eo i raft with onakes rudder-paddles or with 
need rudder 
7. Savare aged river gine with double masts of A-form. 
— o be of me nous origin as no where else does 
. i show such elaboration as ~ India reli most primitive ale is seen in 
“oes in plantain stems skew feo together. 
“s Indian basket-boat a hiciekic! with i used in Meso esopo' otamia, 
While river craft usi rter steering oars (Ga desta: ose with mast 
wriangles (Burm ) ay quarter 2 ly Egypti ‘a origin, the latter Roser 
diet coe ne” = Nile boats of the 4th to the 11th dynasties, after w 
8ypt; this desi also seen in Java. 
Weer em rig f vie evactngaig bows fo 2 =e 
ohche of India; they appear to be of Arab origin, represen SW 
a Sh the evolution of the boat form used by the 
“18 in the earliest t stage of traffic between Arabia 
