cliv Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [N.S., XIV, 
: The outrigger design is much more widely spread on Indian ¢ 
than is commonly known. It cbag civiaie strongly on the Konkan Coast 
\ A Th 
m Me 
it appears again in great s tare in Ceylon and Palk Bay and alsoin 
rr near Cuddalore and Porto Novo on the Carnatic —_ while 
e 
former possessing a floating outrigger, the latter (3-masted) having a 
balance board. The discontinuity and wi ide extent of the distribution 
of outriggers on I. L this 
style are seen in ‘ee "Bato Budor ‘sculptures i in Java of the 8th century 
dia is the only country in the world outside of Madagascar and 
Fousibar and the Malaya-Polynesian region where the outrigger design 
has ever ble rat 
The main conclusions I have come to are as follows :— 
(a) 1 at the pre-Dravidi p at least, India 
was largely of Polynesian stock, these fisherfolk using, like the peoples 
of Malaysia and Polynesia of the present day, outrigger canoes and 
balance-board proas 
(b) That the true Dravidians, who appear to be a branch of the 
an race, learned or invented the use of the ¢ ene 
eso mia, a n i 
vid B | 
introduced the boat forms of the Nile and the Tigris, the pre on the | 
great arcnnial rivers, the latter on those that carry little water in the 
dry season. i 
Cranial measurements, which I have gree taken of the various 
castes in the extreme south of India, reveal an une expectedly strong 
brachycephalic element in the lower caste populalies wee > 50 Parawas 
her: meas ial i was 79° 
(fisher-caste) , the average cranial ind as 79°4 wie 
Shanars (palmtree ares) it 80°7. Hitherto all the people 
region have been con typically dolichocephalic, so this discovery 
red A 
throws —_ light sen ‘the ethnological problem of who were = per 
, und by the Tamils on their invasion of South India, upoR 9 
i ne ti of the outrigger canoe into India, and may aise eur : 
followed re HEC Austric wanderers who peopled Madagascar with rac 
f Malaysia — Polynesia—Polynesian sor Malays = 
both typically peeenyre of me 
her facts are odes pointing to the oo lation. : 
main Apeaincre of a strong Polynesian element in our coastal pop 
Serpent shrines in Malabar, ena and nll 
L. K. ANANTHAKRISHNA ATY es, 
¢s of serpent wor ship are common throughout, 8 fia we C 
The relic 
India and Ceylon. Snakes carved in granite stones are num 
around Jain oS 0. 
In M 
, Cochin and Travancore, there are serpent me 
every seeponee: and images of serpents carved 1 re ie rice sf 
placed napeenret trees. te oe 3s of abe Bante and bo in the 
ig the 
Cochia- 
Pate.» ate a 
: OLeee among ‘the goles in the provinces above ae 
the compound of the hou f Pambinmelkat [lam 
Several kinds of ceremonies “Noor zine lo ag mbin thullal, 
cal origin. € ceremony of sa attoo to propitiate the 
grove is very important. ‘ ae see 
