1918. ] The Fifth Indian Science Congress. elxxvii 
brate remains are abundant in definite zones. The total 
thickness of these rocks cannot be much less than 20,000 feet 
and throughout there is no evidence of any pronounced change 
in the conditions under which they were deposited. They are 
fluviatile and lacustrine deposits laid down by the fore-runners 
of the present rivers. 
e unconformity between the fluvio-lacustrine series and 
the limestones is sed by pronounced transgression and 
overlap. northern sections, for example, along the 
deposition a ears to have been quite continuous trom — 
basal Sa hae to the Upper Siwalike and the various 
Stages are distinguished only by slight changes in lithology and 
y their contained vertebrates. ; . : 
_ Briefly, the sequence of events during tertiary times 1D 
this part of the Punjab has been :— a 
1. Shallow marine conditions during the deposition of 
the Cardita beaumonti shales and coals. 
2. Open sea conditions whilst the massive limestones ahve 
3. The sea was cut off from the open ocean and became — 
brackish and eventually fresh-water. 
