1918.} The Fifth Indian Science Congress. elxxxi 
The Khaur Seepage. 
The only other seepage which I know in the Punjab east 
of the Indus is that on the Khaur dome, forty-five miles south- 
west of Rawalpindi. It is a remarkable coincidence that this 
seepage escaped previous record by either Lyman or Wynne ; 
id not hear of it until actually camped on the anticline. It 
is the only seepage which occurs on an open dome structure 
obviously favourable for oil accumulation and storage. 
e seepage is a patch of oil-soaked sandstone about 100 
square yards in extent with a smaller detached seepage about 
200 yards to the east. The villagers obtained a small flow of 
oil from shallow scrapings, and we increased this yield to several 
tins daily by digging further into the sand. The seepage Is 
near the erest of the anticline, but one mile down the westerly 
pitch from the dome summit. 
The crest area at Khaur is floored by Upper Murree ge 
of which about 300 feet are exposed ; they are light grey sand- 
stones and red shales. The individual beds are generally from 
50 to 100 feet in thickness, but some sandstones attain larger 
development and the sandstone ~element predominates some- 
What over the shale. 
‘he area is now being tested by the Attock Oil Company 
and gives promise of becoming a workable oil-field. 
To explain the presence of oil in the Upper Murree beds 
at Khaur is a problem of. some difficulty. It seems improb- 
. If the Upper Murrees contained origin , 
should expect the Chinji beds or other Upper Tertiary horizons 
contain oil, but no such oil-sands or seepages are Know? 
Xposed, namely, the passage beds between mas i : 
and the Lower Chharst tae and that the oil has attained its 
het position by upward migration through th 
nes and shales. The greater part of the Mur 
Salt 
success 
oo oe is little direct evidence for this view, 
me € test-wells, up to date, accord reasonably well wi 
ight - been expected if such upward migr ati 
ave been 
but the results 
ith what 
on had 
The principal objections to such an hypothesis h 
