1918.} The Flora of the Anaimalais. 385 
on semi-submerged rocks in stream beds, the occurrence of 
the justly-dreaded “ elephant-nettle,’’ Laportea crenulata Gaud., 
and of the only South Indian conifer Podocarpus latifolia Wall., 
though this latter is rare in the tract. 
he high evergreen sub-type above 5,000 feet. This 
type occurs both in continuous expanses of forest and in iso- 
lated patches punctuating the open grass lands of the next 
type, usually aggregating in and around depressions which 
form the sources of streams. . 
Here we find Michelia’nilagirica Zenk., Mahonia Lesche- 
naultit Tak., Eurya japonica Thunb., Elceocarpus ferrugineus 
Wight, three species of /lew, three species of Microtropis, Tur- 
ia pomifera D.C., three species of Rubus (mainly in open 
glades and along the borders), Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Wight, 
Eugenia calophyllifolia Wight, Senecio Carymbosa Wall., Gaulthe - 
ria fragrantissima Wall., Rhododendron arboreum Sm., Ardisia 
rhomboidea Wight.. Symplocos anamallayana Bedd., Cinamomum 
Wightii Meissn., Cirrhopetatum Gamblei Hook, f. 
The curious epiphyte Impatiens Jerdonie Wight is common 
at the higher elevations, as also the small parasite Viscum ja- 
ponicum Thunb., especially on Eurya japonicum and 
dendron arboreum. 
_ V.. The grass land type from 3,500 feet to the highest sum- 
mits. Here again a sub-division according to elevation is re 
quired. The limits between the sub-types is not well defined, 
but can be fixed with rough approximation at 6,000 feet. The 
type consists of open grass lands; the lower sub-type 1s often 
dotted with single trees or small groups, such as Terminalia 
08a allotus albus . 
Arg., while the higher sub-type is invaded by the patches of 
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or passes more gradually into the steeper, lower slopes. 
4) The lower grass-land sub-type below 6,000 feet presents 
such species as Berberis tinctoria Lesch., three pa of Viola, 
