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1923.1 Anatomy and Bionomics of Red Cetion Bug. 29 
comes separated from the ventral wall and lines the upper 
wall of the head capsule. This pharyngeal lining of the clypeo- 
labrum forms the membranous roof of the mouth and is termed 
the epipharynx ; a pendent epipharynx is absent. Under a 
high power of the microscope, ten transparent spots are seen in 
the membranous epipharynx arranged in two rows, six in the 
right rows and four in the left (Fig. 7a). Behind there is a 
curved ridge which encloses an additional group of spots. 
Tower (28) regarded similar structures in Anasa tristis as glands 
which secrete an oily substance to lubricate the diverging 
stylets lying below. Packard considered these as taste organs. 
Awati (1), in capsid bug, termed this region of the epipharynx 
as cribriform plate, and the clear spots would be the openings 
by which nerve fibers from the gustatory organs communi- 
cated with the lumen of the pharynx. Murray (16), in bed bug 
(Acanthia lectularia), observed a row of 10 delicate spines in 
this region. 
The pharynx after passing through the oesophageal nerve- 
ring, is continued as oesophagus. The latter is also Jined by 
chitin and runs asa fine tube up to the region of the mesothorax 
where it dilates to form the crop. The oesophagus is con- 
tinued into the crop for a Jength of 1 mm., thus forming a 
valve to prevent the fluid from flowing back (Fig. 12a). 
The crop (Fig. 12) begins usually from the mesothoracic 
region and ends in the middle of the abdomen. Powerful 
muscle fibres occur on its upper surface in the metathoracic 
region, while a salivary gland is present on each side. There 
is no proventriculus. 
The midgut or the chylific stomach (Chyl.) is compar- 
atively narrow and thrown into three coils, which lie under the 
crop. When the coils are unravelled the midgut is found to 
be the longest (21 mm.) portion of the alimentary canal. 
No cecal appendages are present. Four malpighian tu- 
bules open into the alimentary canal at the junction of the 
midgut and hindgut. These tubules are whitish cecal exten- 
sions of the latter, each being 5 mm. long and irregularly coiled. 
The hindgut consists of a rectum which is a pear-shape 
brown organ with chitinous lining. : 
Salivary glands —There are two such glands in the region 
of the metathorax, the right lying behind the left. Each 
gland (Fig. 13) consists of four lobes, labelled A, B, C, and 
D, in the diagram. A and B have glandular constitution (large 
glandular cells with conspicuous nuclei) while C and D have 
transparent walls; C seems to take the place of the salivary 
receptacles of the cockroach, while D is the small reservoir 
from which the saliva flows out through the salivary duct (S.D.) 
and the receptacle duct (R.D.) The receptacle duct is thin at 
its origin, subsequently becoming thick. After entering the 
head capsule it turns back and opens into the salivary re- 
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