1923.j Liver and Kidney in Clarias and Saccobranchus. 11% 
from the intra to the extra-coeclomic portion of the kidney. 
igure 10 represents the transverse section of the isthmus of 
the kidney which shows that the upper part has retained a few 
scanty and much scattered uriniferous tubules whereas the 
lower portion presents a degenerate appearance. 
Sections of the internal kidney (Fig. 12) or the kidney 
lying inside the body, exhibit typical renal structure. The 
glomerulus is covered by flat epithelial cells, the cell outline of 
which is not very distinctly pronounced. The tubules are 
fairly large and have the usual epithelial lining, the cells of 
which are conspicuously large in size. 
V. ConcLusion. 
This unusual position of the liver and the kidney can be- 
regarded with a very fair amount of probability to be due 
to the smallness of the body-cavity in which the comparative- 
ly larger liver and the kidney do not find enough space and 
are thus thrust outside. Obviously, the principal internal 
organs such as the liver and the kidney, if they do not find 
development elsewhere. The outward displacement of the por- 
tion of the liver and the kidney may be looked upon as a pheno- 
tenon analogous to the descent of the testes in mammals. 
from the physiological or morphological point of view of this 
extraordinary position of the organs outside the body-wall can. 
