212 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [N.S., XIX, 
waged in his country. Arrived at Rome, he finds the Pope 
just dead.' Instead of a Pope he finds twelve great Lords, 
called ‘ Kardinale.’ He says he has come from King Argon 
and the Katholikos of the East. The Cardinals ask him who 
founded his Church (clearly they have never heard of it), and 
he says: ‘ Mar Thomas, Mar Addai, Mar Maris ; we have their 
rite.’ They ask about his faith, and he quotes to them the 
creed as used by the Nestorians in the 13th century. It is, 
roughly, the Nicene creed; but it has Nestorian clauses. 
Sauma says that one of the Trinity ‘clothed himself ina perfect 
man,’ that our Lord has two natures, two hypostases, one per- 
Even now the Cardinals do not seem to suspect what he is. 
But they continue the discussion, and Sauma incidentally denies 
the Pilioque. The horrors of theological discussion are about to 
begin, when he says: ‘I did not come here to argue with vou, 
but to venerate the Lord Pope.’ As there was at the moment 
no Lord Pope to venerate, Sauma goes on to France, and arrives 
at Paris, where he sees King Philip IV. (1285-1314). Then he 
comes to ‘ Kasonio’ (Gascogne, and there finds the King of 
‘ Alangitar ’ (Angleterre), none other than our Edward I. 
(1272-1307). With him too, our traveller discourses. Edward 
says he means to fit out a crusade, and boasts (at that time he 
could) that in all Western Europe, though there be many king- 
doms and governments, there is but one religion. This is the 
farthest point Sauma reached. To travel from Pekin to Gas- 
(1288=1292), and pays homage to him with exceeding reverence. 
Nicholas is ‘ the Lord Pope, Katholikos, Patriarch of the Roman 
one after the manner of Nestorians who come to Europe. At 
last he arrives home again and tells all his adventures to 

| Honorius 1V. (died : April 3, 1287). 
_ = ** One would not, of course, expect a Nestorian to admit more than 
this. But the surprise of seeing this Chinese Christian seems to have 
made the Romans easily satisfied with his position.” (A. F.)—Was Mar 
, ; in China ? : 
ortescue, The lesser Eastern Churches, pp. 98-99, referring 
