ie ee | < ce 
ae -~ 
1923. ] The Conception of the Indian Astronomers. 317 
discordant as we don’t get a difference of 180 degrecs by it. 
Thus it is quite clear that either the author made a confusion 
of the two systems or, which is more probable, that in his days 
there obtained a system of Nakshatra division which was a 
systems. If we follow the equal space-system in reckoning 
the first part of Punarvasu it becomes the 21st degree of 
Gemini, while the unequal space system of Garga being followed 
with regard to the reckoning of the first part of Uttarashada it 
comes to the 2Ist degree of sagittarious; so that we get a 
difference of exactly 180 degrees. Now, to libration. In this 
way we find out that in the author’s time and according to his 
Own version, the libration was 10 degrees. Now reckoning 
from Varahamihira’s approximate time of 505 A.D. up to the 
year of the composition of Adbhutasagara (1167 A.D.) we get 
a libration of 600 minutes for 662 years, i.e. roughly 542 seconds 
per year, 
8. Karana-kutuhalam (Bhaskaracharyya) (1105 Saka, or 
1183 A.D.) ~ 
Bhaskara must have written his work either in 1105 Saka 
or a few years after it. This is apparent from the fact that he 
uses 1105 Saka as his Karana year. ( 
“wa: ugfeq waetitsntam ” 
(Ch. 1, verse 2). 
_ _ According to this author also the average annual libration 
is 60 seconds per year. 
Ch. 
“Sarat HeUTsatant 
. 99 
gent a qa : (Ch. 2, verse 17). 
Bhaskara says that in his days the precession was alread y 
ll degrees; hence ‘amr war.’ The Commentator Sumati 
Harsha further informs us that in Bhaskara’s time the actual 
precession was 11 degrees and 24 seconds but that the author 
took the integral number avoiding fraction. Thus :-— 
. ° -“ a. = 
“Anes garsereaaaige (ale IRB) Aaa 
o. : + 
faufafaneara fasra sit oa wat wae faa WET | 
(loc. cit). 
‘hen precession was zero and also : 
the precession amounted to Il degrees, we get an average 
