360 Journal of the Asiatre Society of Bengal. [N.S., XIX, 
a peckioaise class, type or species of living beings, cf. chajiva- 
nikaya,' a technical term in use among the followers of Parsvana - 
tha, denoting six divisions of living beings, those possessed of 
one sense, ‘those having two senses, etc. In the Afivika 
hraseology, the expression cha- jivanikaya was replaced by 
rhalabhijati® or satjiva-varna*® and in the Jaina phraseology 
by cha-lesiya, meaning the living beings of six mental types. 
In Buddha’s discourses* and in Panini’s sutras, the term 
Nikaya has a similar biological significance. According to 
Buddha, a jati or nikaya denotes a self-contained class of 
aa 
beings, two jatis being mutually exclusive (anfiamannahi 
u 
had assumed defini ee and character, each division of it 
having an ‘didepandoiit position of its own in the whole 
body of — a 
3. AK4.—This occurs in many Votive labels at 
Bharaut, "Senehi and other places. Cunningham wrongly takes 
it to be the e name of a place.’ Hultzsch and Liiders render 
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somewhat an origin. The earliest i dieen Stoain the 
rise of the Bhanakas is to be found in Buddhaghosa’s Suman- 
gala-Vilasini. This tradition is repeated in a much later work 
—the Mubatodhivemen with a slight variation. According 3 
this tradition, it so happened that during the session of t 
first Buddhist Council as soon as the Seenondl fox were 
able Upali; when in the course of rehearsal of the Dhamma, 
oe Dighdgama or Pigba: eR tkaye came to be Feat siveataes the 

: siete Nika Suita, P.T.S. wu. 5-16. 
Paving a-Nikaya, 1. p. 53; Pacers: IIT. pp. 383-384 ; Swmangala- 
3 Makabharsie XIT, 279-32. 
* Samyutta, ITI. 152: ‘ Ndham bhikkhave —— ckanskyam pe 
aa manwpassims evam cottam yethesyldees ttracchanag: an 
: > Ka on Panini II, 3. Atthusalini, P 35. Par ~amatthajotskll, 
8 Sutta- tg V. 601. 7 Stipa = Bharhut, p. 134. 
Hultzsch No. 45. Liiders No, 738, . Héernle No. 11. 
