1923.] Notes on Five Bharaut Epithets, 361 
preservation of this text was entrusted to the care of the Vener- 
able Ananda ; in a similar way the preservation of the WV ajjhima 
gama or Majjhima Nikaya was entrusted to the care of the 
disciples of Sariputta. that of Samyultagama or Samyutta-N ikaya 
was entrusted to the care of the Venerable Kassapa, that of the 
Ekuttarégama or Anguttara-Nikaya was entrusted to the care of 
the Venerable Anuruddha. Thus one is to conceive the rise of 
five Schools of Bhanakas, to wit, Vinaya-bhanaka, Digha-bhana- 
ka, Majjhima-bhanaka, Samyutta-bhanaka and Anguttara-bhana- 
ka. But curiously enough, throughout Buddhist literature 
we nowhere meet with the expression Vinaya-bhanaka, while in 
Buddhaghosa’s commentaries the views of the Digha-bhanakas 
and the rest are quoted by name and discussed. We have even 
mention of Dhammapada-bhanaka in the Aithasalini.' Bud- 
dhaghosa is really reticent about the origin of Khuddaka- 
bhanaka, though he expressly states that the Ahuddakdgama or 
Khuddaka-N ikaya consisted of the books of the Vinaya as well 
as the Abhidhamma Pitaka in addition to the 12 or 15 books 
belonging to the Sutta Pitaka.2 He does not explain why, if 
the Vinaya books were comprised within the Khuddaka-Nikaya, 
the preservation of the Vinaya traditions was separately placed 
in charge of Upali. Moreover, in the Mahabodhivamsa we reac 
that the Khuddaka-Nikaya comprising the books of the Abhi. 
hamma Pitaka and some books of the Sutta Pitaka was jointly 
rehearsed by the Sthaviras of the First Council and that the 
preservation of these texts was committed to the care of them 
all? In a passage of the Milinda+ we have among the 
citizens of the ideal Dhamma-nagara, the mention of :— 
Suttantika—Masters in the Sultania, ie., in the Suita 
*itaka ; ' 
2. Vinayika—Masters in the Vinaya, i.e., in the Vinaya 
Pitaka ; : 
3. Abhidhammika—Masters in the Abhidhamma, i.e., in 
the Abhidhamma Pitaka : 
Dhammakathika—The preachers of the Dharma : 
Jataka-bhanaki—The repeaters of Jatakas; 
Digha-hhanaka—The repeaters of the Digha-N ikaye ; 
Majjhima-bhanaka—Vhe repeaters of the Majjhima- 
Nikaya ; zs 
Samyutta-bhanaka—The repeaters of the Samyutta- 
— 
SV OU 
pr cae » Anguttara- 
9. Anguttara-bhanaka—The repeaters of the Aangu 
Nikaya : » eae 
10. Khuddaka-bhanaka—The repeaters of the Khuddaka 
Nikaya. 
! Atthasalini, p. 18. 2 Sumar gala Vilasini I. p. 12f. 
* Mahabodhivamsa p. 92. . 
* Milinda-Parha, on 341-342. 3.B.E., Vol. XXXVI p. 231. 
