ee a ee 
1923.] An Essay on the History of Newar Culture. 467 
The Gurkhas are merely the military conquerors and are 
indifferent patrons of arts and letters; they are mainly 
fighters, although an cehenene group of Gurkhas includes a few 
artisan castes among them. 
The Newars are ie into: 
(i) Bauddhamargis who worship Buddha, and 
(ii) Sivamargis who worship Siva 
The latter may be termed Hindus. “Formerly the vast 
majority of Newars were Buddhists, and a minority Siva- 
margis, but the former have been losing ground steadily fora 
long time in favour of the latter, who are now between a half 
and a third of the population.’ 
"he Sivamargis have an organisation similar to that of 
the Hindus of the plains, although of a much simpler 
character. 
The highest caste is that of the Brahmans who are the 
Spiritual guides of the upper castes. They are said to be 

D: Loe History of Nepal, Cambridge University Press, 1877, 
pp. 25-6 an 
fives Levi : Ibid., pp. 302, 306 et seq. 
All these writers, except Kirkpatrick had good “hundiabone fs, of 
observing the conditions in Nepal, wi . sojourn the 
ther writers testifying to the san 
Sir R. Temple: Journals kept in peat BP etc.,and Nepa!, London, 
1887, Vel. HT, 233-4 
Percy B aa Nepal, London, 1912, Chap. III. 
I. Wausion< Nep al et pays Himalayens. Paris, 1914, Chap. VII. 
, bg 
Elwes, F.R.S.: Article on Nepal, ae of the Scientific 
American, hig 79, Jan. 5, rates in York, p ay So 
- & ? 
ptain Smith’s book entitled ‘ ‘ Five years ¢ in Nepal’’ is full of 
Stross re and plagiarisms—pointed out in marginal notes in 
ae copy at the India Office Library, also in a crushing review in 
a Edinburgh Magazine, Vol. seq. 
orks of Eg orb Pergo ers sentiicsa in the bibliography in 
yelopeedia of Religion sti Ethics, Vol. 9, Nepal, contain no 
ethnological a 
e ceremonially ite ear follow soldiering as their abetted 
Reneath tis omes oup of several castes, whose wa anno 
peg ed. These ptaae ra — the cobbler, the tailor and musicians 
various data pra acre fuller details have been left out in this part 
of a sd The subject matter of the — ices are 
udin, 
amargi sri excluding outcastes 
E Bandyas or Banr. 
é he an 
yapoo and other heterodox pone act) as well as outcastes. 
E etd lists of castes, and other evidence 
