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CS eee eee a - ee een ew rr. me. ne cag eee ee 
1923.] An Essay on the History of Newar Culture. 485 
were the architects of the temples, the sculptors of the Buddha 
statues and the ikon painters of Tibet and that the Buddhist 
images. pictures and objects of art at present produced in Tibet, 
are worthless compared to the art of former times.! The 
fact that at the present moment the artisans of the Lamaseries 
lamas who follow these arts) are far superior to the common 
craftsmen, does not stand against this view, if itis remembered 
that Newar artisans were sent to the monasteries so far distant 
as the interior of Tartary to decorate the great Lamaseries * 
But the inhospitable and generally bleak nature of the country 
prevents any definite conclusion being drawn from these facts. 
It is however evident that the two countries have long been in 
very intimate contact, and that in the monasteries at least, 
_—_ 
owever seems to show that this art did not come from the 
Tibetan side. While in both countries the actual weaving is 
invariably done at home, the technique is widely different. 
In Nepal. the warp is prepared separately and put in a 
definite! oom frame, although it is very clumsily put together. 
with a brush, the web is put in theloom. The different parts 
moving on a fixed point to be depressed but in their place two 
buttons hang from the lower margin of the netting, the weaver 
(alvaysa woman) seizing it between her great and first toe, 
alternately depressing each foot as the woof thread is delivered 
by the shuttle. The weaver sits on a bench and plies the 
shuttle alternately with either hand, pulling forward “ the 
Swinging apparatus ”’ to set the woof thread close to its prede- 
cessor and pressing the treadles.* The loom and accessories 
described resemble the Indian apparatus very closely. 
: E. Kawaguchi: Three years in Tibet, Madras, 1909. Chap. LXIV. 
eae 
Hue: ibi 
reliable sources of information on Tibet. Account must also be taken of 
recent influences in the part of Tibet where hah resided. 
said J.A.8.B., Vol. 5 (1836), pp. 219-27. oe 
y the term ‘* swinging apparatus”? Campbell means some o o 
Suspended beater-in of the woof, probably a reed, but this is not cl eer 
+ Government of Assam: Monograph on cotton, Shillong 1885. The 
actual description is given in the monograph on silk. 
