488 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [N.S., XIX, 
however, travelled to Tibet ; this falls in line with the view of 
their not having come from Tib 
The agricultural implements also support the view that 
the characteristic early culture of Nepal came from the Indian 
side, although not so definitely as does weaving. In Tibet, 
although terracing and irrigation are emploved, the turning 
up of the soil is done not with the hoe, but by the Indian 
plough, drawn by a mixed breed of cattle! obtained by 
crossing a male yak with a cow. It may of course be suggest- 
ed that in India itself, cultivation is done by the plough and 
hence no conclusion can be drawn from this fact whether the 
arts came from the Tibetan side or India. This objection is 
not quite valid. The Bauddha Newars have in later times 
been in far more intimate contact with the Tibetans, who are 
_ of the same religion, while there has been undoubtedly 
ome amount of isolation from Brahmanic India and her 
Satins due to the hostility between rival creeds. If the 
oS arts (including agriculture) had been introduced from 
e Tibetan side, plough cultivation would certainly have 
itieas from that country to Nepal, unless this art was intro- 
duced into Tibet itself under certain special circumstances 
discussed in a later paragra 
Evidence from another line supports the view that the 
early culture of Nepal was not derived from Tibet. In the 
come to constitute a very important element of food. It is 
also used largely in modelling religious figures and other 
work.? In Nepal, as has been noted, neither dairy-work, nor 
the employment of cattle for labour is common. The list of 
principal articles of food of the Newars does not contain any 
mention of butter (this is to be expected from the scarceness 
of the cattle) and although argument from silence is no 
generally justified, the fact that workers in history and ethno- 
logy, well aware of the ceremonial importance of butter in 
India and Tibet, have not noted it, allows such a step in this 
case 
It may however be suggested that, in Tibet, an earlier 
culture whk was like that in Dest has been obliterated by 
S$. Turner: An account of - ag rea to the court of the Teshoo- 
ama in Tibet, London, 1800, p. 51 (properly speaking it is of Bhutaa 
— he speaks there) ; i de Rhins and F. Grenard : ibid, p. ee ae 
f Ttbetan life, ibid. Plate 23 shows a pea 
rience with baie Gatonks (2?) as in India, and Plate 27 gives “the ane 
and og ae 
rerott ‘jbid, Part II, Chap. II. 
| wasaon ibid, 
Dutreuil de Rhins and Grenard, ibid. 
