494 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [N.S., XIX, 
important crop is the Amon which is however grown only 
in the swampy districts, where the plant has to remain in deep 
water, often 2-8 feet, for several weeks during its growth. All 
through the plains, where there are not swamps, Rowa is 
cultivated in small fields surrounded by a bank 4-12 aebee 
high and often at no period of growth more than 6-12 inches in 
water. Butas the hilly country on the border is reached the cul- 
tivation, wherever irrigation is systematically resorted to, is in 
terraces. From Raj Mahal and Burdwan to Orissa the hills rise 
gradually and terraced cultivation of Rowa, with definite 
arrangements for irrigation, is encountered. The banks of the 
fields are here, as in Bengal, only 6-12 inches high. Similar 
conditions hold in the Assam valley wherever irrigation is 
resorted to and the land slopes away gradually. The banks 
for retaining water in the fields, as well as the channels for 
irrigation, employed in the plains of Bengal are mudworks ; 
in the hills stone presumably enters into “their composition, 
although not always mentione 
It has therefore to be adiented that the real characteristic 
of the cultivation introduced into Nepal by the immigrants 
was systematic irrigation. This method requires: (i) that the 
field is level, (ii) that there is a bank round it to retain the 
water supplied, (iii) that there are irrigation channels, dams, 
etc., to supply the different fields adequately with water. 
Given this know ledge, agriculture will assume in a gently rising 
hilly country the form it has assumed in Nepal, Chota Nagpore, 
Assam and elsewhere as indicated. 
The third rank of the Bauddhamargis have already 
been mentioned as showing very strongly the influence 
another culture, Brahmanism, which has been edt stronger 
every day in Nepal during the last century and a half, under 
Res, ee omen Bi i i li 
' C, B. Clarke: The Cultivation of Rice in Bengal, pp. 289-91, in the 
Bulletin ay Miscellaneous information, Hoya al Kew Gardens, London 
ork ita 
Roy The Oraons, Ranchi, 1915, 119 et se 
The Mundas, boris da 1912, p: 388 e vie ies 
. Cam reonal Narrative a at vis years of service amongst 
the wild Wilkes 7 Khondistan Paes a 1864, Chap. IV. 
C. cnet 1911, p. tseq. § Rabha. 
ei alte as : Angami Sehiche London, 111, p. 72. h 
etions from the Records of the Go Loohoopa, 
No. LXXVI1, Calcutta, 1870. ee tof Indi , . 
- asis is somewhat different. They are said to 
a ante only the flat bottoms of the valleys but are sai id to be ignorant 
of terrace cultivation at the present time. A Jaintia village is however 
raeintioned as having attempted to form terraces with some success. 8 
point require: ng investigation. See J. H. Hutton: The Sema Nagas, 
p. 393, London, 1921 
ore.—Professor Radhakamal Mukherji (of the Lucknow University) 
who recently seed the Khasi Hills informs me that Hutton is not quite 
correct in his statement about the Khasis. July, 1923. 
