1923. | An Essay on the History of Newar Culture. 505 
have placed the Jausis of Hamilton along with the 
Joshi or Jotshi of the others as Lévi definitely mentions that 
the latter are the same as Jaisis described by him when dis- 
cussing the historical list. These Jaisis are however the same 
as Hamilton’s Jausis. Neither Hodgson, nor Oldfield anywhere 
treat of these Jaisis, who are according to Lévi’s as well as 
amilton’s account quite an important group. It is hardly 
likely that they could have been overlooked by both of these 
good observers With the exception of Karle, they all assign 
priestly functions to this group, and the exception is merely 
apparent. It merely adds another detail to the description. 
{ may seem to have taken much trouble to prove that all 
he Bhanni of Oldfield are evidentiv the same as the 
Bheanil or Bhanni of Hodgson’s Srestha group. The identity 
of name and the connection of both with the Taleju temple 
leave no room for doubt. 
In this case as well as that of the Nikojoo, | am following 
Hodgson as the better observer of the two and also as having 
4 more intimate knowledge of Nepal and the Nepalese. The 
fact that Nikojoos and Sresthas intermarry and eat together 
shows that they are sections of the same caste or sub-caste. 
Consequently Oldfield’s classification of Nikhus as Ksatriyas 
is not a mistake, although superfluous. In the case of the 
as independent sources. ‘he absence of the caste from 
son’s list is not a serious difficulty. In the case of the a 
Hodgson’s descriptions are not so clear as elsewhere, and he 
