— 
SE ———— 
a ees ee ne ea 
1923.] An Essay on the History of Newar Culture. 515 
the request of a King of Patan. As Hodgson definitely 
meutions Chivabadeju or Chivabade only in this town, it may 
be that this was due to a confusion of Chivarbharbi Banras 
and the scriptural Chailakas. In any case there does not 
seem to be any evidence of a priestly Chivabadeju Banra 
class anywhere in Nepal. 
Tt should be noted that the nage definite hereditary 
secular profession of Banras seem to be that of gold and 
silversmiths, although other ee are resorted to even 
by Gubhajus, who no more than other Banras, do restrict 
themselves to priestly duties 
The Bakali Bangras of Hamilton seem to include Bikhus 
and the secular Banraés who return themselves probably 
or Bikhu and the ordinary secular Bandyas, all are mere 
professional names. 
