522 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [N.S , XIX, 
APPENDIX D. 
Jn addition to the Hindu and Bauddha Newars discussed 
in the Appendices A, B and there remain a large class of 
mixed Hindu aad Bauddhas, mointind outeastes. Four fairly 
full lists are available for these. Oldfield! describes them 
under Bauddhamargi Newars, making it however clear that 
they are not pure Bauddhas but heterodox as he terms them. 
Hodgson? has attached their description to the list which 
contains accounts of the Brahmans, Ksatriyas, Vaisyas and 
Udas. In his list the Udas follow the three Hindu varnas and 
are then followed by Jyapoos and others. Earle’s * high” 
castes’ have already been discussed (App. A): his *‘ interme- 
diate classes’’ and outcastes are placed Sodignids the accounts 
of Hodgson and Oldfield, although he has stated that they are 
lists of Hindu eastes. Hamilton’s list of inferior Bauddha 
castes and outcastes is also added for comparison. 
In addition. there js in the Census Report a criticism of 
Oldfield’s table by the Gubhaju mentioned in the preceding 
appendices. _ According to him certain of the castes given by 
Oldtield are Sivamargi, eg. Bhat, Katha, Tati, Kaua and Nau, 
while Konar and Balhaiji are the same as Sikami. He had 
never heard of the Tippa, Pulpul, Ballah, Lamu, Dalli, Gaowa 
and Nanda denaeones Further all the eight outcastes are said 
to be now Sivamargis 
Before fra the different lists, 1 shall add here the 
estimation of the relative proportion of Bauddhas and 
Hindus in Nepal. The earliest estimate of Hodgson puts 
down ‘the vast majority of the Newar race” as Buddhists 
of one or other denomination, and the minority as Saivas 
or Saktas.° Oldfield estimates that two-thirds of the people 
are Buddhamargi, the remaining third being Sivamargi.° 
According to the Census Report, the proportion of Hindus is 
from one-third to one half of the total.’ Further, the Hindus 
are said to be gaining ground by fresh accessions and also 
defections from the rank of Rauddhas, which does not happen 
in the case of the latter. The general impression received 
from these facts is that the comparatively small minority 
of Hindus have been steadily gaining ground at the expense of 
Buddhists under the rule of the Gurkhas. This is quite 
natural considering that Gurkhas are comparatively strict 
Hindus, at least with Par to Newar Hindus, and look 

Oldfield ; ibid., Chap. XIV 
foo n: Manuscript volume entitled Ethnograghy. 
> Census Report, 1901, —" 
+ - Hamilton: ibid., 
odgson: Essays ee ‘tie languages etc. - ibid. 
3 Oldfield: ibid., Chap. XIV, p.177. 7: C. Riot, ibid. : p. 452- 
