524 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. \N.S.. XIX, 
The occupations given are practically the same, so that these 
may be accepted as quite correct. Hodgson gives a much 
larger nab bor of the sections of the Jyapoo he Oldfield, 
and some of these are found in Oldfield’s list as separate 
divisions.! All six of the sections of Jvapoo given by Oldfield 
are found in Hodgson’s list, agreeing in minute details. 
amilton also describes the Jyapoos although he rongly 
places them above Udas. He has further given a division of 
JSyapoos lower down the list, with a slightly different spelling, 
Japu, who are potters. Evidently they are the Kumhal sec- 
tion of Jvapoos in the other lists. The Kumha or potters are 
also mentioned in Earle’s list. These are of course the same 
as the section of Jyapoos considered above It may be that 
the section has hardened into a caste in the British territories. 
The somewhat higher position accorded to Jyapoos in 
Earle’s list by placing them among high castes (App. A) is 
borne out by Oldfield and Hodgson’s statements and has been 
he. ina to the length of placing them above the Udas, by 
! 
Only one other caste comes correctly in Hamilton's hist, 
the Got (=Gatha), who follow practically the same profession 
as in the other lists. 
he Kurmi of Hamilton follow the occupation of the 
Sikami or the carpenter and the Awa or bricklayers. The 
latter are mentioned as a section of the Jyapoos in Hodgson’s 
list and occur as a caste in Earle’s table. 1 will be remembered 
that in connection with the Awa division of Udas, iiss 
peas mene they (the Awas) are mostly Jya 
may that this section of Jyapoos had andened ‘ets 
a caste in : British territories and been correctly classified 
as a separate caste by Earle. 
The Kurmis of Hamilton are not mentioned as a separate 
caste in any list except that of Earle’s. It is however 
evident from the description given in the Census Report 
and also from evidences from other sources? that the term 
Kawmi or Kami is used merely in the sense of artisans. 
These Newar artisans should not however be confounded 
with the Gurkha Kamis who are blacksmiths and outcastes.° 
The castes Chhippah and Salmi are also found in 
Hamilton’s list, but incorrectly placed among the outcastes. 
The Chhippah are found in all the other three lists among 
pure castes and Hamilton is therefore obviously in the 
wrong. About the Salmi there is no mention in Earle’s 

intermarriage takes place among these to a limited extent, 
ae = be described as sso tes. es 
gson 
*s Essays on the Languages, etc., part 1, page 
Lévi: ibid., p. ze Census Report 1901, ibid.; fo lig “Tribes and 
ini of Bengal, ’g Kam 
