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1923. | An Essay on the History of Newar Culture. 525 
lists, but they are a well known caste in Nepal, and mentioned 
in the Census Report of 1901 although not in the Table. 
It is not possible to say whether Gait’s elimination of Buddhist 
castes is responsible for its absence in the list, or not. Oldfield 
and Hodgson are agreed upon this point and Hamilton seems 
to have been in error in this matter as in the case of several 
other castes. [ therefore consider Lévi’s suggestion, that 
the Salmi might have been impure in Hamilton’s time, as 
wrong.’ Special weight cannot be attached to any statement 
of Hamilton on points of social status and precedence, without 
corroboration from other sources, 
I the castes that the Gubhaju qualified as having never 
heard of occur in both Hodgson’s and Oldfield’s table, and some 
of them in the other lists too. 
The Lamu of Oldfield, who are said to be the same as 
Duan, are described with similar details under practically the 
Same names, Laemoo or Doorn. Hamilton gives the same 
story of their having saved Prithinarayan’s life, and gives them 
the name Dhui. As they are described originally as hunters 
and fowlers in general and worshipping both Siva and Buddha, 
it is evident that they are a more or less wild tribe, who have 
been included among pure castes through royal favour 
and have been influenced by the two religions of Nepal in 
recent times, aquiring from them a heterogeneous belief. It is 
therefore quite easy for the Gubhaju not to have heard of them. 
inclined to consider the Duita of Earle, and the 
which is naturally that of a jungle people generally and the 
names are not far from the different variants definitely known 
to belong to this tribe. It is true that the Dhauwi of Oldfield 
are placed among outcastes, but this is comparatively easy to 
understand. The fact that the tribesmen or strictly speaking 
one of the tribesmen did a service to the king, may lead those 
who come to the court, to comparatively high social status. 
impure—without the privilege that royal favour has conferred 
upon their brethren at court. 
The Ballah are mentioned along with Lamu, in Oldfield’s 
table and may be taken as the same caste of palkibearers, 
although the name does not occur elsewhere. In any case, a 
second caste of palkibearers is not mentioned anywhere. 
The Dalli are given in Hodgson’s description of the Jyapoo 
as formerly soldiers under the Newar Kings. The details given 
by Hedgson and his better power of observation and opportu- 
nities lead me to accept his version of the Dallis, In this 
case, it becomes clear why the Gubhaju did not know cf them 

! Lévi: ibid., p. 239. 
