536 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. {[N.S., XIX, 
When Buddhists held their own, this group, standing out- 
side all recognised classes, gave their nominal adherence to 
Buddhism. Now that Hinduism is in power, the name has 
changed. This seems to be what has happened. 
All the outcastes found in Oldfield’s list are found in that 
of Earle, except the Dhauwi. This caste has, however, been 
already discussed under Dooyn, when treating of the third 
grade of Bauddhamargis. In his manuscript Hodgson omits 
the Sangar and the Dhunt. But the latter are described 
as Dong or Dung by Earle, and there no difference in 
occupation between them and the Jugi musicians. In 
list of outeastes given b odgson h s on the 
or Duni, but no occupation is given. The two castes are 
probably the same, although this is not absolutely certain. 
The Sangar has already been discussed, and Oldfield 
is accurate in this matter. 
amilton gives some of the castes correctly, efor wrongly 
dragging in members of other classes. The Salmi, Chhipi, 
and Kow have already been discussed. As the Tepai have 
no description attached to them and do not occur in any other 
list of outcastes, attempts at guessing what caste is meant, are 
unnecessary. The Kusulia, Kasai and Puria have been given 
more or less correctly but the Chamkals are bet described 
as leather-workers. Their occupation has been 
that of Kulus, while their own occupation is given to the Bala, 
who do not appear in any other list as such. It is quite 
possible that this word is merely a synonym of Chamkallak. 
t may be noted that except the Jugi musicians, all 
the other professions are dirty, degrading or involve little 
skill or progress in arts. 
