Vol. VII, No. 8.] The Ghagrahtai (Kotwalipara) Grant. 487 
[W.S.] 
on the north, Gopendra’s char and the boundary of the 
vill 
iy Be here apply the verses '—‘‘ Whoever confiscates land 
that has been granted away by himself or granted awa by . 
another, he becom ‘ing a worm in his own” ordure rots along 
with his ancestors 
n the regnal year 14; the first day of Karttika. 
NOTES ON THE TRANSLATION. 
The mandala or province was Varaka in all the grants, 
and in addition to what has been said about Varendra in m 
article (p. 209), I may mention that Varendra was sometimes 
regarded as a part of Gauda-deSa, for at the end of the descrip- 
tion of the Purana-sarvasva MSS., numbered 143-4 in Aufrecht’s 
Bodleian ese a notice of its author is inserted which 
gins thus 87)—Gaude Srividite Varendra-visaye, etc. 
The sonal of the province was New Avakasika as men- 
tioned in that article (p. 211), and it is this grant which makes 
it clear, because the references to it in grants B and C leave 
uncertain what is meant by the term. At this time Jivadatta 
was the 
Avakasika, being a successor of the Uparika Nagadeva men- 
tioned in grants B and C, for I agree with Babu R. D. Banerji (as 
will be shown later) in placing this grant later than the three 
others. He conducted a special branch of the administration, 
ner 
and appears to denote a member of the inner council 
of the king. Swvarna-vothyz seems to me , not a place because 
it was in New Avakasika, but some branch of the administra- 
tion, as will be seen on comparing the corresponding passages 
in grants B and C. In both of those the Uparika rp ae 
had the office of ‘‘chief warden of the gate,’’ and in C he 
been also appointed principal minister of trade (pp. 201, 208}. 
Suvarna means gold, but vothyz is not Sanskrit and must be 
the ior or Paper ie 
Within the Varaka province were a number of visayas or 
districts, and Pavitruka was the lord or governor (pati) of the 
“ a word ir a ‘tent,’ and it is an obvious formati ion from 
simpler word such as kena. Kota-kena therefore means a ‘ hut-like tent : 
wg i rye ern hus,” party as is used to this day by low wandering castes. 
lural, but only one verse is cited 
‘ Th ading is sa or éva- instead of sva-. With sa 
the meaning is—‘‘ becoming a worm in ordure’’; and with éva- — 
‘** he becoming a worm in a dog’s ordure.’’ 
