Vol. es 0. 9.] Ethnography of the Bashahr State. 537 
inauspicious for the family of one who dies under it, and to avert 
the evil, images of roasted flour are made and burnt with the 
corpse, to the accompaniment of Tibetan chants. 
ter 15 days the lama does hom, puja, and pdth, reciting 
Tibetan chants of purification. This ends the period of mourn- 
g. After a year the phulaich' is shberved: by giving food and 
clothes to a lamé in the deceased’s name; and until this is 
observed the family must not wear any new clothes, etc. The 
Shytind, and Khar-shytina, of whom the first two are conceived 
of as es i gee or demons, and ahs two latter as Jack-o’-lanterns 
or ghos 
The following chant is repelited by the lama more a 
a thousand times to exorcise an evil spirit from a man or wom 
Om bajraé kild kiléyd dimo shakché ucha thaydla fat. ene “6 one 
bitten by a mad dog is healed by repeating the following chant 
more than a thousand times: Om khu-khu rachaé kha-thaim dewa 
chang-ghi dwishok. 
< MOoNASTICISM. 
net Cae who do not marry, but devote their time to the 
study of the Tibetan ae called zomos or jamos. They 
live in nunneries. The two principal nunneries are at Kanam and 
Sunnam, and in these a great number of zomos live. Besides 
this, every village has a few zomos. 
Kanet boys, who learn the Tibetan scriptures, and are well 
versed in the Buddhist doctrines, are called lamas. They live 
in monasteries and are looked upon as very holy. In fact they 
mas are either Gydlang or celibate, like the Brahmachari 
or Barre. who marry but never shave the he 
he lama is consulted regarding every important undertak- 
ing. Thus he is asked to name an auspicious day 
to plough or sow, and at the time ascertained he seat chants 
like the one beginning: Om akdni nikéni ambité ma até mantalé 
swahd, ‘ May the gods bestow on us abundance of grain 
hen a new roof is put on a temple, which is called shant,® 
the lamas perform a ceremony, reciting charms and performing 
1 Phulaich is also the name of a fair held in October every year at 
a near Ropaé. See Ukhydng fair in the list of fairs attached in the 
pal ". Masbht and Rakshasa are of course Sanskrit terms. = nase’ — 
nawari, possibly corruptions of Tibetan words. It i orth r 
marking that Mashan, Shyana and Rakshas are also septs of Kanets, f saa 
in — Asrang and Rirang — senpectively. 
m Sanskr. shdnti, peace 
