Vol. a No. 9.|. Ethnography of the Bashahr Siate. 543 
S.] 
TITLES OF OFFICIALS. 
1. Chares, the hereditary headman of a village (in each 
village.) 
2. Grokch, the hereditary kdrddr of the village deity, who ~ 
speaks on his behalf: found in every village of 
Kanawar where there is a deity. 
3. Mathas, the hereditary kdrddr of a deity. His duty 
is to petition the deity on behalf of the public : 
found in every village where there is a deity. 
4. Pujydres, whose hereditary duty it is to worship the 
deity : found in every village where there is a deity. 
5. Bathungri, an official like the dafddar of the State. 
Caste.—Besides the Kanets and Jads the only two castes in 
Kandwar are the Chamang,! who make shoes and weave, and 
the Domang,* who are blacksmiths and carpenters. 
Water or cooked food which has been touched by the 
lower castes is not used by Kanets, nor are people of these 
castes allowed to enter a Kanet’s house. If a Kanet eat such 
food inadvertently he applies to his Raja who bids him make 
expiation (prayaschitta) and pay some nazrdna or forfeit. This 
custom is called sajeran or sacheran. 
The Hindu salutations are in ordinary use, but when a 
woman bows down before an elder man saying dhdilang, the 
man replies: Rdbarshang rungshi rai, i.e., may you live for 
a century. ae 
The grokch of Badrinéth at Kdémré thus addresses the 
people :— 
Sati jug nyumch Treté biishid, Tretéx nyumch Dwapar 
biishis, damyd ragti chi rig shingt chi: shing take, damyda arko- 
lang li nirmant hacho take ; hun ji Kali jugo nirmani li arkolang 
hicho di, té li jdp thap ldydtak, tht kashtang hachma ta warkyo 
shothydatak, 
Translation. 
‘* After the satya jug came the treta jug, and after the treta 
jug came the dwapar jug (golden age), at that time a spade was 
called a spade, at that time the false even became the truth ; 
now in this the kali jug (Iron age), the truth often becomes 
false, and the false becomes true; however I will do my best to 
give you every happiness and will remove all your grievances.”’ 
The grokch of Shawang Chatidiké in Kostampi village thus 
addresses the people :— 
Thd-rayin, rovch-rayin, Kothi Mathas, Ranshyan, Dhan- 
n 
shyin ; dwapar-shil muluk mati thati zikydk, Laiké marydk, 
1 The Chamars of the plains doubtless. 
2 The Doms of the plains. 
