672 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [November, 1911. 
Mr. Crooke’s several lists collected from various districts include 
Maraiya, Bhains, Sunkat, Soda, Goher, Sonra, Untwar. Mr. 
Crooke' among several other names of divisions mentions the 
Lohiya or ‘‘iron-men’’ and the Lakarhar or ‘‘ wood-men. 
An early note I made excludes the Baid Bhains and Sainak Soda 
and includes instead the Lakarhar and Lohiya. I think, how- 
ever, these two latter are merely functional or oceupational 
divisions 
Sherring says, ‘‘the Kanjars have seven clans,’’ the 
Maraiya, Soda, Sunkat, Lakarhar, Bhains and Goher and 
Dhobans —of these he says, ‘‘ the first six eat together and 
intermarry—and only the first four are found in Benares, the 
remaining three inhabit the country further west.’’ 
1. BHAINS. Totemic; Bhains=a Buffalo. Thisisa pure 
example of an Exogamous totemistic ‘sept bearing the name 
of an animal, a tree, a plant, or some material object, natural 
or artificial. which the members of that sept are prohibited from 
killing, eating, cutting, burning, carrying, using, etc.’’ The 
Geharas themselves have suggested to me, and I believe the, 
suggestion has a strong bearing on the origin of totemism, — 
that in the Bhains or buffalo as a totem we have an instance 
of totemism born of reverence. Though the sept is now in- 
less tribes. Richardson in his ‘‘ Account of the Bazeegars or 
Nuts ’’ says, ‘‘ they are subdivided into seven castes (sic), viz. 
the Charee, Athbhyea, Bynsa, Pa:buttea, Kalkoor, Dorkinee 
and Gungwar, but the difference seems only in name, for the 
live together and intermarry as one people.’? ? Bynsa is clearly 
recognizable as Bhains. 
- Russell, in Census of India, 1901, Central Provinces, 
gives one of the Clan Totems of the Abirs as bhainsa and of the 
Halbas — Mshia = a buffalo; of the totemi« clans of the Boyas 
of the Deccan we have one called the Yenumalu = Buffaloes. 
The Balijas (see Census of India, Madras, Part I), the chief 
trad ng caste in the Southern Presidency, have an Exogamous 
clan bearing the same name Yenumalu = a buffalo. The 
Komatis of Madras have a buffalo totemic clan = Enupa. 
The Sansias or Sansi Kanjars have three divisions, the Karkhal, 
Chaidih and Mahais; Mahais = buffalo. The Beriyas also 
Endogamous tribe divided into Exogamous septs ‘‘for they live 
——- and intermarry as one peovle.”” It was not till sixty years 
Her that MeLellan definitely discovered and explained Endogamy and 
BE 
