Vol. VII, No. 11.] References to Indian Mathematics. 803 
[N.S.] 
1) The nine ‘ Indian’ figures. 
(2) Multiplication of integers. 
3) Addition of integers. 
(4) Subtraction. 
(5) Division. 
(6 and 7) Operations with fractions. 
(12) Progressions, etc. 
(13) Regula duorum falsorum, etc. 
(14) Surds, etc. 
(15) Geometry and Algebra (Indeterminates, etc.). 
Beyond the somewhat cryptic statement that the Pytha- 
gorean methods and the algorithm are less accurate than the 
modi indorum, and the reference to the Indian figures (which 
are not Indian at all) there is little to connect this work with a 
Hindu origin. For example, Chapter XIV is largely based on 
the tenth book of Euclid, and the fifteenth Chapter is mostly 
drawn from the works of el-Karchi! and Muhammad b 
Misa *; Chapter XIII deals with the regula elcatayn or regula 
duorum falsorum which occurs in no known early Hindu work. 
The author had no direct knowledge of India. 
Maximus PLanupEs (A.D. 1260-1330) was a Byzantine 
of Boethius may be mentioned. 
obtained his information about India from the merchants and 
enced European writers to a greater extent. 
The topics dealt with are almost identical with those in the 
differs from Hindu writers on mathematics 
ample of division which means that 856978 + 24=35707 +44. 
1 Woepcke, Notice sur le Fakhri, ete., p- 28. 
2 Chasles, Apereu, ete., p. 519. 
3 C. J. espe Das Rechenbuch des Maximus Planudes, p. ii. 
