1912.} Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. CXXV 
dialects, regarding which it has been found necessary to make 
reference to India. Sindhi, which will require but a short 
section, has not yet been touched. All, therefore, of this 
volume that remains to be done is Sindhi, two dialects of 
Lahndi, and Kashmiri. 
As regards Volume IX (Eranian languages), two forms of 
speech remain untouched, viz. Biléchi and Ormiri. The latter 
is a most interesting, but little known, language spoken in 
ni, a dialect of the Indo-Aryan Lahndi, also shows signs of 
similar agreement. The rest of this volume, dealing with the 
Ghalchah languages, Pushtd, and some local varieties of 
Persian, has long been in type. 
As regards Volume IX, the parts dealing with Rajasthani, 
Gujarati, and the Bhil languages have already been published. 
The part for Western Hindi and Panjabi has long been ready 
for the press, but difficulties connected with the preparation of 
i tt IV 
ling, in the east, to beyond Chamba, in the west. These have 
been divided into three languages, or groups of dialects, 
which (proceeding from east to west) | name, respectively, 
Eastern Pahari or Naipali, Central Pahari, and Western 
Pahari. 
These Pahari languages exhibit points of great interest, 
both to the ethnologist and to the philologist. In Eastern 
Pahari we have an Indo-Aryan language spoken by a dominant 
class, comparatively few in number, amidst a population whose 
speech is Tibeto-Burman. In such a case, we should expect to 
find many instances of Tibeto-Burman loan-words, but this 
does not occur to any large extent. On the other hand, the 
grammar is greatly influenced, and we find this Indo-Aryan 
language adopting a system of conjugation and rules of syntax 
which are essentially Tibeto-Burman. For instance, as in 
Tibeto-Burman, there is a special impersonal conjugation of 
every verb, giving an honorific sense; and the subject of a 
transitive verb in any tense (not only the past tense) is put into 
the case of the agent. 
Central Pahari is the language of Kumaun and Garhwal. 
The many dialects can conveniently be grouped under the two 
language names of Kumauni and Garhwali. The speakers of 
astern Pahari call themselves “ Khas,’’ and the principal 
dialect of Kumauni is called Khas-parjiya, or ‘‘ the speech 
