74/ Ex. Doc. No. 41. 



m 



our visiters. Happy, cheerful, and contented, he was consulted 

 in every trade, aiid seemed an idol with the Apaches, It required 

 little penetration t-b* trace his origin from the same land as the 

 ga\ize of the old woman. We tried to purchase him, !>ut he said 

 it was long^ ^ongj since he was captured, and that he had no desire 

 to leave his master who, he was certain, would not sell him^ for 

 any money. All attempts were vain, and the lad seemed gratified 

 hoth at the ofFer/to purchase, and the refusal to sell. Here we 

 found the mountainschiefly- of red ferruginous sandstone, altered 



by heat. 



J^ovemher 4. — Six miles from our camp of last night we reac 



hed 



descending again 'rapidly towards 

 valley, the sands of which were black 



, a summitj a;id then commenced 

 the Gilaj along a deeply caiioned 



with particles of oxide and peroxide of iron. Near the summit, 

 the hills on each side were of old red sandstone, with strata slo 



ping to the southwest at an agle of 25^, and under this were strata 

 of black slate and compact limestone, and then granite. 



In the ravines we found, at places,' a luxuriant growth of syca- 

 -more, ash, cejjar, pine, nut-wood, mezcal, and some walnut, the 

 , edible nut a'gain, Adam's needle, small evergreen oak and cotton- 

 wood, and a gourd the cucumis perennis. 



There was every indication of water, but none was procured on 

 the surface;- it could, no doubt, have been found by digging, hut 

 the Gila was only twenty miles distant. 



The last six or eight miles of our route was down the dry bedoi 

 a stream, in a course east of ssuth,-and our day's journey did not 

 gain much in the direction of California. It was necessary to as- 

 "Cend the river a mile in search of gra^s, and then we got but an 

 indifferent supply. Except in the two camps nearest to Moua 

 Turnbull, and the one at .the San Carlos, we have never before, 

 since leaving Santa Fe, had occasion to complain of the want o 



We encamped in a grove of cacti of all kinds; amongst tneiQ 

 the huge pitahaya, one of which was fifty feet'high. 



GeologicalTormation on this slope of the Pifion Lano Mountains: 

 1st, Conglomerate of sandstone and pebbles; th'en, red sandstone 

 in layers a foot thick; then, granite very coarse. The depth o 

 the two first was many hundred feet, and in some places its strata 

 fication much deranged. - Many large masses of sandstone, wit^^ 

 thin seams of vitrified quartzT * • r 



a.Ia the, dry creek down which we travelled, we saw a cave o 

 green sandstone*, in which a fire had been built; for what purpose 

 I cannot conjecture, as it was too small to admit a man. , 



The Apaches gave us to understand that a marauding party o 

 their people were in Sonora. The broad fresh trail of cattle an 

 horses leading up the arroyo, induces the belief that -they have re- 

 turned — successful, of course. , 



Last night was mild, the thermometer at 63° Fahrenheit; an r 

 what was very unusual here, the heavens were overcast, which p^^ 

 vented toy getting the rate of the chronometers. 



Although we have had no rain except at Mount Graham, wher^ 



