/ 



132 Ex. Doc. No. 41. 



\ 



w 



Tinted b*y Dr. Anderson (whom we met in. Santa Fe) at a point 

 about half way between their present' village and the mouth of the 



Gila river. ' t^i ^ 



They are taller and more athletic than the Pimos, and what 



struck me as very remarkable, the men had generally aquiline noses, 

 whilst those of the women were retroussers, < 



They occupy thatched cottages, thirty or forty feet in diameter, 

 made of the twigs of cotton wood trees, interwoven with the straw 

 of wheat, corn stalks and cane. 



Cotton, wheat, maize, beans, pumpkins and water melons are the 

 chief agricultural products of these people. Their fields are laid 

 off in squares, and watered, by the Zequias, from the Gila river.^ 

 Their implements of hus'jandry are the wooden plough, the harrow 

 and the cast-steel axe, (procured probably from Sonora.) They 

 have but few cattle, and not many horses. I observed, domestica- 

 ted amongst them, ducks, chickens and pigs. They had many or- 

 naments of sea-shells, showing, in my opinion, their recent migra- 

 tion from the gulf. From the character given of them by Carson, 

 when he saw them in 1826, although they were then an agricultural 

 people, I should think they had learned much by their proximitj 

 to their neighbors, the Pimos, whom they acknowledge as politi- 

 cally their superiors, and with whom they live on terms of inti- 

 mate and cordial friendship, i, • +] 



The Marricopas impressed me as a more sprightly race than tne 

 Pimos; the interpreters of the Pimos were all natives of the Mar- 

 ricopas band. m. <. f tlip 

 The dress of both nations or bands was the same. That ot tne 

 men a breech cloth and a cotton serape of domestic manufacture; 

 that of the women the same kind of serape pinned around the waist 

 and falling below the knees, leaving the breast and arms bare. 



Both nations cherished an aversion to war, and a profound at- 

 tachment to all the peaceful pursuits of life. This predilection 

 arose from no incapacity for war, for they were at all times ao 

 and willing to keep the Apaches, whose hands are raised ^S^}^^ 

 all other people, at a respectful distance, and prevent depredation^ 

 by those mountain robbers, who hold Chihuahua, Sonora, ana 

 . part of Durango in a condition approaching almost to tributa ) 



provinces. dnns 



They have a high regard for morality, and punish transgressiu 



more by public opinion than by fines or corporeal P^J^^^J"^,^ J . 

 Polygamy is unknown amongst them, and the crime of adulte j> 

 punished with such fearful penalties amongst Indian nations gen ^^ 

 ally, is here almost unknown, and is punished by the contempt 

 the relatives and associates of the guilty parties. , , 



The Indians we met between the Del Norte and the 1'^'^°^, • j^' 

 tlementwere mostly wild Indians of the great Apache nation, wnic^ 

 inhabits all the country north and south of the Gila, and both side 

 of the Del Norte, about th^e parallel of the Jornada and Dead Man 



lakes. . y,ni\e9 



They have no fixed habits, and the only vestiges of their ^"/^", 



which w^e saw were temporary sheds, a few feet high, made of t 



