Ex. Doc. No. 41. 133 



twigs of trees. They live principally by plundering tlie Mexicans 

 of New Mexico, Chihuahua, Sonora, and Durango. 

 No vocabulary of their language was procured. I am inclined 



to think they extend up to the head waters of the Gila. 



Beyond them to the north is the warlike nation of the Navajoes, 

 who, Mr. Fitzpatrick thinks, are allied to the Crow Indians. 



Near the head waters of the Salinas, which runs in a course, it is 

 said, nearly northeast and southwest, is a band of Indians called the 

 Jjoones, who, in manners, habits, and pursuits, are said to resemble 

 tne Pimos, except that they live in houses scooped from the solid 

 rock. ^ Many of them are Albinos, which may be the consequence 

 oi their cavernous. dwellings. Surrounded by the warlike Narajoe, 

 and the thieving Apache, they nevertheless till their soil in peace 

 and security. 



Coming farther east, we reach the San Jose, a tributary to the 

 ^ -f uerco, which is a tributary to the Rio del Norte from the west, 

 not the Rio Puerco represented on the map to flow into the Del 

 Norte south of El Passo. 



■tiere is an Indian race living in four story houses, built upon rocky 

 promontories inaccessible to a savage foe, cultivating the soil and 

 answering the description of the seven cities of Vasquez Coronado, 

 xcept in their present insignificance in size and population, and 

 . ^^^^ that the towns, though near each other, are not in "a (con- 

 tinuous) valley six leagues long," but on different branches of the 

 p^^ ^tream. The names of these towns are Cibolletaj Moquino, 



the last a ruin. 

 - - -*v^„ vioit tiicsc Luvviis lu persuuj uin. I hope to get a minute 



escription from one who did, and, should I succeed, it will be sent 

 to you. V . . 



Ane work you mention, of Castenada, has never been seen by 



th^ ^ *^^^ inipression, and it is so stated in my journal, is that 



jne many ruins we saw on the Gila might well be attributed to 



ndians of the races we saw in New Mexico, and on the Gila itself. 

 1 ^ij^^ y ^^^ last, the Piraos, who might easily have lost the art of 



ttilding adobe or mud houses. In all respects, except their dwell- 

 gs, they appeared to be of the same race as the builders of the 



\ 



^J^^to, Covero, Acona, Laguna, Poblacon; 

 J- did not visit these towns in person; but 



m 



^^j^^^riess houses now level with the ground on the Gila river 

 Ihe implement for grinding corn, and the broken pottery, were 

 . ^nly vestiges of the mechanical arts which vve saw amongst the 

 luins, with the exception of a few ornaments, principally immense 

 "R^ell turned beads, the size of a hen's egg. 



^.Ihe same corn grinder and pottery are now in Tjse among the 

 Y^os. The corn grinder is merely a large stone, well worn, 

 slightly concave, and another of different shape, convex, intended 

 ^ nt the first and crush the corn between by the pressure of the 



The ruins on the Gila were first seen at camp 81, the position of 

 ^hich is shown in the table, from thence to the Pimos' village. 

 Wherever the mountains did not impinge too close on the river and 

 shut out the valley, they were seen in great abundance, enough, 1 



Should think, to indicate a former papulation of at least one hun- 



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r J 



