/ 



460 Ex. Doc. No. 41. % 



J 



able ladders; a mode, I think, peculiar to Pueblo Indians. The 

 idea may have originated from the necessity of defending them- 

 selves against their wild enemies, and is now quite extensively 

 practised amongst the different b;inds of Pueblos. 

 ^ Tht-se Indians have very fine fields of corn, and I noticed par- 

 ticularly their orchards of peach and plum trees. The Indians 

 cultivate almost all the fruit that is grown in the country. One 

 may usually distinguish an Indian settlement, on approaching it, 

 by the clump of trees; whilst the indolent Spaniah settlers seldom 

 take the trouble to plant ihem. ' 



Just opposite "Snn Juan," is the mouth of the "Rio Cbama," 

 ■one of the western affluents of the "Rio del Norte." It flows from 

 the northwest, through a beautiful valley, and, like the other 

 streams of the country, has a narrow bottom, along which the 

 people have settled. It is through this valley that the famous 

 mule trail from Santa Fe to the "Pueblo de los Angeles," in Cali- 

 tornia, finds its way lo the Cordilleras. Towards the head waters 

 ot the river, fine grass is found, and the country is well adapted to 

 the raising of stock; but all attempts at settlement above the 



Abiquiu have failed from the dv^predations of the Utah an Na- 

 vajo Indians. 



Between Abiquiu and Chama, a small branch enters the main 

 stream, flowing from a group of springs, at which a village is 

 bui t called "Ojo Caliente." The largest of these springs is 16 

 or IS teet m diameter, and the water in the basin presents the ap- 

 pearance of boiling, in consequence of the continued escape of 

 sulphurated hydrogen gas. Other small springs exist, and from 

 all a highly ferruginous deposite is formed. These waters have 

 been recommended by Doctor Nagle, of Santa Fe, in many chronic 

 diseases, and always with success. 



Five miles from "San Juan," is the town of "Canada,"a village 

 oi 300 or iOO inhabitants, built on a slight roll of land, one mile 

 IroDQ the river. At this point, the Santa F^ road leaves the river 

 again, and, after crossing an elevated tongue of land, enters the 

 valley of the "Rio Tezuque." Several settlements of Spaniards 

 and Indians are to be seen along the stream, the principal of which 

 t'fi - ^"y^^^^nque," and "Tezuque," both Pueblos. From the 

 .village ot Itzuque, it is but five miles, over a cedar hill, to the 

 town of Santa Fe." ' 



*i ^'^ll"§' "^'^^ ^^^ ^'^ ""^ ^^^^^ "otes, laid before you all that was 

 thought deserving of notice in the northern portion of the depart- 

 ment of New Mexico, I shall again resume the daily journal of 

 occurrences starting from Santa Fe, and visiting the numerous 

 towns, whieh will be found laid down on the accompanying map 



regular tour through this depariimento. At 1 o'clock my men ar- 

 rived from the grazing grounds wirh the wagon and mules I pro- 

 cured the necessary provisions, although some of the commissary's 

 supplies were exhausted, but those I purchased. ColonerDonTph^an 



ZuZrofV: ""'' '"!.°;'^ ^^^"^^^ °^ ^^^ Navajoes anfth: 

 battalion of Mormons was daily expected. All the money in Santa 



