Ex. Doc. No. 41; ' 491 



I 



trance to the untler floor. The floor" for entrance to the building 

 is on the second floor, so that a scaling ladder is nect-ssaiy; and 

 the inhabitants of New Mexico build in this manner^ in.order to be. 

 less exposed to the attack of their enemies; putting out the scaling 

 ladder only for those to 'whom they give admission into thtir 

 bouses. No doubt the Aztecas bad the same motive for raising their 

 edifices on the same plan, as every mark of a fortress is to be ob- 

 , served about it, being defended on one side by a lolty mountain, 

 and the rest^of it being surrounded by a wall about seven feel thi<k, 

 the foundations of which are still existing. In the centre of this 

 vast fabric is a little mound, made on purpose, by what appears, 

 to keep guard over and observe the enemy. There have been some 

 ditches formed in this place, and several kitchens utensils have been 

 found, such as earthen pots, dishes, jars, and litlle looking glasses 



of stones itztli." ' i /; ' 



We are struck with the grtr.t similarity between the ''casa 

 grande," and the buildings at" Acoma" and the "Pueblo deTaos. 

 Did we need stronger proof of the common origin of the New 

 Mexicans and the Aztecs, we find it also in Clavigero, in the fol- 

 lowing words: "Besides, from Torqueraada and Betancourt we 



h ^ ----^^- 



h 



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avc proof of it," (he means by it merely that the nations of Ana- 

 uac came from the north,) " on a journey made by the Spaniards, 

 in 1606, from New Mexico to the river Tijon, 600 miles Irom that 

 province, towards the northwest; they found there some large edi- 

 fices, ami met with some Indians who spoke the Mexican Ian- 



7 



I have made mention several times of the kingdom of " Cibolo." 

 This kingdom was composed of seven towns; which calls to mind 

 that the nations of Anahuac were composed of Xochimilcas, 1 epa- 

 necas, Chalchese, Hahincas, Tlascalans, Colhuans, and Mexicans, 

 seven in number; and they are said to have preserved this ariange- 

 ment of tribes in all their wanderings. . , , . , £► 



' And now let us'try to locate the " Cibolo," or the l^^ng'^J^ of 

 the buffalo. We find at the present time two plac^es in ^ew Mexi- 

 co, which bear in their names traces «f/h's " C.bolo.' One is 

 •called " CiboUeta," and the other " Joya de Cibolleta." The first 

 is situated about 60 miles west of the Rio del Norte; the 1. ter is 

 siUated upon that river, opposite the mouth of the R»" P^^f;- 



.Vanegas states, that Vasquez Coronado ma-ched f^?^, ^f f^^^l 

 townfof Cibolo to Tigue, on a river where he got ^"^e hgence of 



. Quivira; and "that a body of Spaniards were sent Either, being 

 300 leagues further, along a level country, but thinly peopled 

 From this we learn that Coronado's party had to march some d.s^ 

 tance before reaching that river, and then had a long m-c m 

 order to reach Quivira; and that the country over which they 



passed was " ^ l^^^j, --^jy- p,^„,, ,, ,, ,„^e 50 or 60 miles west 



level country, going through the pass 



