Ex. Doc. No. 41, 591 



ft 



V 







m 



is a great'obstacle. The road we had to come is perhaps worse in 

 some places than they were expected to have been taken over; they 

 have several limes rolled ofF a steep place, carrying the mules with 

 them down the hill. • ^ - ... - 



'J^ov ember 4,— Marched at 8, and took a southwest coiirse, grad- 

 ually ascending until we could see far over the country to the 

 northeast; the snow-capped mountain was thus to be seen, and at - 

 its base it is said there is a route, from thi^ place by which the 

 Kiateros go to Zuni. I have been informed that the expresses of 

 the president of Lucson once were in the habit of going to the 

 lower settlements of New Mexico in ten days, probably to -Zuni or 

 Cibolleta; the route would probably be northeast from this posi- 

 tion: Lucson is about ninety miles southwest of the mouth of San 

 Pedro. We, in our course, within a few miles, passed green hol- 

 lows between the hills, containing a scattered growth of sycamore, 

 oak, willow, cherrv, musquit, senna, cacti, agave, hackberry, ash, 

 walnut, zala, cedar, pine, a dwarf black gum, grape vines, various 

 kinds of grass, lambsquarter, (the seed of which the Indians eat,) 

 sqiiash,'and sundry familiar weeds, all showing the signs of au- 

 - tumn,^ except the "live oak and evergreens; scarce any flowers to 

 be seen, all being gone to seuU. About six miles from camp we 

 found the rocks outcropping, dip 30 degrees southwest, granite be- 

 low, with large grains, and entirely disintegrated, and one part of 

 it containing small morsels of other rocks imbedded, then the pud- 

 dingstone with round imbedded pebbles about the size__of goose 

 eggs, cpented by silicious sand, then black slate; then sa^ndstone, 

 then compacUlimestonef forming uneven cliflfs to the northeast, 

 .ving a slope of 30 degrees southwest; on these hills there was a 

 _ood deal of timber. Our road was rough and rocky; about 12 

 miles we came to a place where Carson had slept when going up; 

 there we got water~enough to drink by scraping the sand; here our 

 howitzers were directed to spend the night, and we pushed on to the 

 river 12 miles further. Six miles from the river we fell into a valley 

 of a dry stream, which gave us a good road down to the river; here 

 we fell into another Indian trail, larger than tnat we were upon; both 

 were fresh si«ns of cattle lately driven from Sonora. These Indians 

 hixxe now been 17 years living by the plunder of Sonora; when 

 they are required to stop, it will require either money Or powder 

 to make them obey. Along the road side we observed m many 

 nlaces that the grass had been burned m little patches; this occur- 

 red all along tife road: why the cause of it is unknown, probably 

 signals. As we approached the river again, several new species of 

 plants showed themselres,- a new cactus, a new variety of the Span, 

 ish bavonet, and others of nondescript character. On the Cnla we 

 fnLd I few smies of the cane. The diluvial beds we first came 

 ras we eft cam^p occur again on the river in their usual thick- 

 ness in Dlaces surmounted by trap, which here again makesjts ap. 

 rearance Where we strike the river is still in the canon, but be- 

 low us it* is practicable for the wheels; we went up stream half a 



miie 



here and found a camp of scanty grass. 



JV^et^mfier 5.-Move at 9, and concTude to seek a better camp 

 loVLvvn. our road was still the Indian stealing trail, which we 



