\\.\IU 



February, 1910.] Annual Report. 



him in the path of duty. The Rajput gives him land 

 villages, horses, camels, shawls, ornaments, and so forth. ( Jivat 

 chiefs often grant him Lakh-pasSo , i.e., movable and immovable 



property worth a lac of rupees, sometimes for one sons* only. 

 Mahamahopadhaya Morard;lnji received such Lakh-pasaos thr» 

 times. His grandfather Bankidas was granted L&kh-pasfio 

 twice in his life but was three times expelled the country for 



songs which too severely criticised the reigning princes' actions. 



Marwar 



wr 



villages with an income of over two lacs of rupees. 



But the Carans are not the only people that write verse 

 in Rajputana. There is a song to the effect that they an 

 clever J^ople and they attach themselves to Rajput alone 



™ " " ; for all classes of men. The Bhats 



seem to be the older people than Carans. They are very 

 jealous of the Carans. While Carans say that they keep the 

 Rajput straight, the Bhats say that they lead them astray. 

 The Bhats had very great influence over the Rajputs during 

 the earlier centuries of the Muhammadan rule. Wit in -; the 

 Prithvirajrasa written by Cand Kavi, who was a Bhat. One 

 of his descendants, Suradas, the contemporary of Akbar, is still 

 regarded as a great poet in Western India. The Bhats *y 

 that they are Brahmins, the Carans claim a divine descent. 

 They think that they were descended from the celestial song- 

 sters, Carans. 



Besides Bhats and Carans there are Badoas, the genealo- 

 gists, who keep the genealogies of all castes; they also irrite 

 songs in honour of their clients. The Dhulies or drummers, who 

 live by beating drums on all ceremonial occasions, also write 

 historic songs. Bir Bhan, an old Bardic work, was written by a 

 Dhuli. Sevakas, a class of Sakadvipi Brahmanas, who officiate 



Jains 



songs 



Marwar 



sometimes so happens that Rajputs themsleves are writers, and 



their compositions are certainly valuable. Maharaja Man Sing 



of Jodhpur, who led an eventful life during the first quarter 



was 



was 



a bard himself. The Brahmins also do compose. They 

 compose not only in vernacular but also in Sanskrit. Ajitodaya 

 and Abhayodaya, describing the warlike operations of Ajit Sin e 

 and Avaya Sing, Rajas of Marwar in the first half of the eight- 

 eenth century, are written by a Brahmin poet, and are, to all 

 intents and purposes, Bardic chronicles. 



Not only Hindus but Jains also compose. Among the 

 Bardic chroniclers there are many Jaina Banias. The Jama 

 monks, too, compose songs. The Rasas in Gujrat, from winch 

 Mr. Forbes drew his materials for the Rasmala, and the Dhads in 

 Rajputana, have been found in Jain Upasrayas. The Dh acis are 

 not alwavs Bardie, but thev often contain Bardic songs. Nearly 



