Vol. VI, No. 4.] History of Kashmir. 201 



[N.S.] 



usually means a lofty building, palace or temple. The passage, 

 therefore, is not an easy one, and its interpretation is dis- 

 tinctly open to doubt." 



The best Sanskrit scholars in Kashmir fully corroborate the 

 renderings given to Mr. Marshall by Pandit Mukand Ram (who 

 worked on the Rajatarangini for Dr. Stein), which are as 

 follows : — 



(1) And that liberal (king) built Martanda near to the 

 temple (prasdddntar) of the wonderful city with its wall of massive 

 stones and a park (pattan) full of vines. 



(2) And that liberal (king) built the wonderful Martanda 

 colonnade, of massive stones with the temple inside, and also 

 the town rich in grapes. 



On these renderings Mr. Marshall makes the following 

 observations : 



(1st rendering). — "This restores the word prdkdra to its 

 more usual meaning and gives us a word for temple in prdsddd. 

 The objections to it are (a) the rendering of antar by " near," 

 which is not authorized meaning for the word, and (6) the omis- 

 sion of the second connective, the cha in ' drdkshdsphitam cha 

 pattanam ' , and these objections would appear fatal, on gramma- 

 tical grounds." 



But a reference to a Sanskrit Kusha, for instance the 

 Shabda-Kalpadrum, will show that the meaning of antar is 



t ( 



near. " ' ' Also ' ' has been omitted in the translation by 

 Pandit Mukand Ram, which I have now given in italics, and this 

 disposes of the objection for cha. 



(2nd rendering). — "This takes both the connectives into 

 account, and assigns the usual meanings to both prdkdra and 

 prdsdda, but the compound prasdddntar as a bahuvrihi, meaning 



having a temple in the interior," is distinctly difficult and no 

 parallels to it can be traced. Otherwise, and if this form of 

 compound with antar can be established, there would be little 

 or no objection to this rendering." 



But the Sanskrit grammarians in Kashmir say that such 

 bahuvrihis do often occur and that there are many parallels 



to it. 



It is clear from the above that there existed already a 

 temple on the Martanda plateau before the time of Lalitaditya. 

 The Kashmiris say that there was a city at the place 

 where the Vular lake now rests, and recite a story which strik- 

 ingly agrees with the accounts given in the above-mentioned 



history. 



Nalsena in Kashmiri language is synonymous with a person 

 of abominable character, and nobody knew why it was so. 

 Nalsena is one of these 35 kings. He was a cruel and oppressive 

 king and was, therefore, universally detested by his subjects. 



Lolare Bambro " is a favourite love-song among the Kash- 

 miris but nobody knew its origin. Bambro ffM one of these 



w C 



