Vol. VI, No. 5.] Some Remarks on Mundari Phonology. 253 



[N.S.] 



passive suffix o' becoming less audible. I never noticed a g 

 replacing the check on the Genitive suffixes a' and rea\ The 

 emphatic forms amaga' and ainaga' are apparently contrac- 

 tions of amagea' and -ainagea'. In Nagpuria, the Hindi dia- 

 lect of Chota Nagpur, which many Mundas of the Basia, Palkot , 

 and Kolabira Thanas speak besides their own language, there 

 is a genitive in k, e.g., umanak (comp. Oriya 'sehimanankar, 

 Hindi (^^fan), which is, of course, a pure Aryan form of speech. 

 But it lias never influenced the Mundari Genitive in a', the 

 latter there also being spoken only with a slight check on the 

 a. Father Hoffmann noticed (p. 1 and 2 of his grammar, that 

 the check of the passive suffix o' is generally transferred to 

 the categorical a following it, if the form closes with that a', 

 e.g., baioa'. I have noticed the insertion of a w between pas- 

 sive suffix o' and categorical a in Sonpur. Father De Smet 

 mentions also such forms (p. 3 of his Grammar) ; e.g. y hobaowa', 

 namowa'. Bases with labials seem to favour this insertion of 

 w. Forms in g are heard likewise, e.g., banoga'. A slight 

 check is then heard on the categorical a. Pleonastic passive 

 forms are sometimes heard like baiugoa' . 



Bases ending in e' and i' (corresponding to Santali bases 

 in ch') in Sonepur generally take j in the future, inserting an 

 e between j and the categorical a, e.g. nijeai of ni', rejeako of 

 re\ Before the passive suffix this j is often too inserted, and 

 if not. the vowel check is dropped, e.g. ketejoa, of kete' 

 tukujoa, of tukui\ The latter form shows, that bases ending 

 in another vowel but i and e, when their palatal semi-consonant 

 was lost, added i in Mundari, which then is changed into j, 

 comp. the bases goi 5 lai' dubui', etc. In Porahat the bases 

 ending in e' and i 5 do not insert j before the Passive suffix, 

 but, probably in analogy to the bases in a, o, u, — g. Forms 

 like nigoa', of ni'. regoa', of re', peregoa' of pere', are frequent- 

 ly heard, but of goi 7 gojoa' only. Father Hoffmann has also 

 observed these forms (see his Grammar, p. 152, Rem. 2). But 

 the inserted j is mostly heard in Sonepur in predicate forms 

 with the infixed personal pronoun of the third person. I have 

 told already that forms like neljadiai, emadiaifi, dotadia kajia- 

 kadiale, agukediako, and itulediape, etc., are often contracted 

 into neljaiai, emaiain, dotaiam, kajiakaiale, agukiako, and 

 ituliape respectively. In consequence of the dropped d' a slight 

 check is sometimes heard on the preceding a, while the e 

 coalesces with the infix i into I. Now this infix i, correspond- 

 ing to Santali e, has never a check, and as far as I can see from 

 the specimens in Santali, e never has a palatal semi-consonant. 

 But nevertheless the Mundari infix i of the above-mentioned 

 contracted forms in Sonepur is changed into j, e.g., nelnajai, 

 emajaifi, dotajain, kajiakajale, agukijako, itulijape, etc. I don't 

 think this j can be due to any influence of the dropped semi- 

 consonant d' of the predicate suffixc- But the pronouns ini 1 



