Vol. VI, No. 8.] Ladvaqs rGyalrabs. 395 



[N.S.] 



Khasang ngayis rmilamdu : 

 mThsonas sengge nargyis mchongs 

 rGyal Khatunla thimpar mthong 

 De dang dus mthsungs bumo 'adi 

 Semscan dang ni ldanpar gyur 

 'aDila bu zhig ngespar skye 

 Mingla sengge rnam rgyal thogs. 



Then also, in Schlagintweit's third chapter, in the tale of 

 the battle of Basgo, we find a little song of four lines included, 

 as follows (with two corrections by myself) : — 



rGyalpo babsgor bzhugs shing 

 Khachul dmag dang bcas 

 Sogpo rnamsla brgyabpas 

 Sog 'abros thabssu song. 



The influence of prose productions of folklore (Kesarsaga 

 in particular) on the writing of history, is of course very distinct 

 in the early parts of the chronicle. Let me mention only the des- 

 cription of the seven heroes in fol. lb, which at once calls to mind 

 the seven Agus of the Kesarsaga. But also passages like the 

 description of Lha dbang rnam rgyaVs three sons, who lived as 

 late as the sixteenth century, look as if they had just been copied 

 from the Kesarsaga. 



Let me now review the Ladvags rgyalrabs, the chronicle.** 

 of Ladakh, and register what has been published or translated. 

 It consists of ten parts, some of which have headings in Tibetan, 

 whilst others have not. Schlagintweit's MS. contains some of 

 its parts in full, whilst others receive valuable contributions 

 from it. Only one part is not represented in it. 



1. Introductory Hymn. It is found in SMS. (Schlagint- 

 weit's MS.). 



2. Cosmology and Cosmogony. This chapter is omitted 

 in SMS. K. Marx mentions it as occurring in AM8. The first 

 seven or eight lines of inscription No. 67 (translated in Ind. 

 Ant., vols. xxxv, xxxvi, in my article ' Archeology in W. Tibet), 

 seem to be taken from this cosmology. They run as follows : 



" The spheres [are these] : In the middle of all that grew 

 into order, is the mountain Ri dbang Ihunpo (Sumeru), the 

 measure of whose glory is 400,000 geographical miles. The 

 outlying and close-lying principal continents are surrounded by 

 all the mountains. The four continents are in the east, south, 

 west, [and] north ; and there are eight islands. According 

 to their order, the continents are : Zla gam (' New moon ' ; 

 name of the continent in the east which is supposed to be of tin 

 shape of the new moon, and its inhabitants to have faces of tin 

 same shape) ; Zur gsum ( fc Three points,' ' triangular ' ; name 

 of the continent in the south (India), the inhabitants of which 

 have triangular faces, as men actually have) ; Oru hzhi 



