Vol. VI, No. 8.] Ladvags rGyalrabs. 409 



[N.S.] 



to learn the characters. They learnt the characters from the 

 Brahman Li byin. Pandit Sengge sgra (Simhanada) taught 

 them. Bringing them into agreement 

 they made 24 gSal byed and 6 Bin 



with 



30 



ters] . 



Besides, they made them to agree with the Nagara character 



of Kashmir, and brought them into shape. 1 



with 



who was in the garden of his wife Urn. The king said : " Ha\ 



you learnt the letters and the language 1 Then you may offer 



praise to sPyan ras gzigs (Avalokital ! " As he said so, tkonmi Fol. 166. 



wrote 

 gangb 



ngad 



ras gsal (Avalokita) ! and presented it to the king. The king 

 was very pleased and erected the temple of Byingyi Jchod mar 

 rdo, and before [the image of] sPyan ras gzigs these letters (the 

 sloka) were carved on stone. These are the earliest inscription 

 [in Tibet] and the oldest temple. 



Then, the minister Thonmi sambkota brought from Nepal 

 the incarnation of Khro gnyerma (Bhrikuti), the Nepalese spouse 

 Khri btsun. Together with her were brought Jobo mi skyod 

 rdorje (Akshobhya vajra) ; Byamspa choskyi 'akhorlo (Maitreya 

 dharmacakra) ; and J onto sgrolma (Tara) of sandal- wood. 

 (These are two books, and an idol). 



Then, minister Bigpacan brought from China the incar- 



sGrolma 



Together 



with her arrived [the image of] Jobo rinpoche (Buddha). 



Besides, [the following] worldly inventions were made : 

 Rice-beer, barley-beer ; in short, all the necessaries for food ; 

 the making of curds from milk; butter and buttermilk from Fol 1 7a. 

 curds ; cheese from buttermilk ; pots from clay ; water mills ; 

 weaving looms ; and many clever arts. 



Then, at Lhasa, the incomparable temple of Ramoch* 

 and others were erected. Palaces were built on the dMarpo ri 

 and on the ICagspho ri, and these two mountains were connected 

 with an iron chain bridge. Ke built about 900 temples and 



castles. 



In his time, the Indian teacher Kumara, the N palese 

 teacher Shilamanju, the Kashmiri teachers Tabuta and Qamtta, 

 the Brahman Li byin, and the Chinese teacher Ha shang maha 

 dheba were called [to Tibet]. The translators [Lothsaba) Thonmi, 

 Dharma ghosha, and dPalgyi rdorje of Lhalung translated re- 

 ligious books in every possible manner, and arranged them. 



During the time of this king, rTsami and Shing mi of the 

 east, bLobo and Zhang zhung of the south, and the llor kingdoms 



' The last sentence seems to be a later interpolation. In th 

 days, the Nagari alphabet was not yet in existence. 





