414 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [August, 1910. 



endured it with patience. He divided the country of Tibet from 

 the countries of rGya (defined the frontier). On the moun- 

 tains which belonged to Tibet, all the grass grew [better than on 

 the other side]. 1 



His son was Sadna legs. This king built the temple of 

 Skar chung rdo dbyings [in the] province of rGya. 2 ' He invited 

 the Pandita Kama [la] shila and others [to Tibet]. Kumara 

 of sNyegs became translator and translated many religious 

 books which had not yet been [translated]. 



His sons were : gTsangma, Ralpacan, gLang darma (by 

 the first wife), and Lha rje and Lhan grub by an inferior queen. 

 These five were born. The first son, gTsangma, loved religion. 

 He entered the order [of lamas], admonished men to [adopt] 

 religion, and wrote a book (Sastra). Darma loved sin and was 

 unworthy to rule. Ralpacan (804—816 A.D.), the middle one, 

 reigned. He built the town of Ushang rdo, and erected the 

 temple of rGya phibs gyu sngon can (' Having a Chinese roof of 

 turquoise colour '). 



Although during the times of his ancestors many religious 

 books from rGya (China or India), Li (Kunawar or Turkestan), 

 Zahor (Mandi), Kache (Kashmir) and other countries had been 

 translated, there were many conflicting interpretations. He 

 said : ' ' It is difficult to learn religion ! ' ' and invited the Indian 

 Panditas Dzina mitra, Shrilentra bodhi, Dhana shila, and others 

 [to Tibet]. The two Tibetan translators [called] bKa cog and 

 the priest Yeshes sde 9 examined everything and gave it sanction. 



Finally, he made the weights, measures, etc., to coincide 

 with those of India and appointed seven households of his 

 subjects to wait always on each lama. 



The king [used to] sit in the middle and had silk streamers 

 Fol. 21a. ti e( l *° the ends of his locks on the right and left. Then 



he made the clericals sit there and had the excellent ones on his 

 right and left [hand side], and [himself] in the middle, all sitting 

 together. 3 



1 A king Muni bteanpo, who reigned for one year only, is stated 

 to have preceded this king: see Bodhimor, and S. Ch. Das. The 

 Bodhimor says that he married a younger wife of his father and was 

 therefore poisoned by his mother. S. Ch. Das tells of his communistic 

 experiments which in the rOyalrabs are attributed to his successor. 



Mukhri btsanpo. His name was not known to the Chinese. Ap- 

 parently during his reign Harun al Bashid (786 — 859) sent embassies to 

 the emperor of China, to induce him to make war against the Tibetans. 

 But the latter succeeded in winning him over to their plans. In 800 

 A.D., Arabic armies are mentioned under Tihetan command. Then 

 Alamun concluded a treaty with the Tibetans, to guard his eastern 

 frontier. 



* This is possibly the district of the village of rGya in Ladakh. 



3 As we know from the Spiti Gazetteer , the head-dress of the 

 rNyingmapa monks consisted originally of streamers of silk. Balpacan 

 apparently had the ends of their streamers tied to his locks, to share in 

 their excellence. 



