Vol. VI, No. 8.] Ladvags rGyalrabs. 415 



[N.S.] 



During the time of this king were conquered the moun- 

 tains of Pholonshan, which look like a curtain of white silk, 

 and which touch the frontiers of China. There a stone pillar 

 was set up with an inscription on which was carved : ' ' Down- 

 wards from here did I reign!" In the south, bLo[bo] and 

 Mon, India, Li (Kunawar), Zahor (Mandi), and [the countries] 

 upwards from the lake of the Ganga with its surface like a bowl 

 of iron, were subdued ; in the west J aBrushal (Gilgit) on the 

 Persian frontier, and others, were conquered ; and in the north, 

 all the provinces of Hor (Turkestan) were subdued. He reigned 

 over three or two [princes] of 'aDzambu gling in the south 

 (India), and everywhere in the friendly [province] of dBus be 

 erected 108 temples. This is the first spreading of the teaching. 1 



Part V. Langdarma's Persecution of Buddhism. 



Then, during the lifetime of the ruler Darma dbyig dur 

 btsan (816 — 842 A.D.), four heretic Brahmans were unable to Fol. 216. 

 tolerate either the many panditas who had been invited to Tibet 

 by the ruler Ralpacan, or the offerings of golden writ (books), 

 nor the spread of Buddha's teaching over Tibet. To submerge 

 the religious teaching, they prayed to be reborn in the bodies 

 of four demons of which there were plenty (?) in Tibet. Then 

 they precipitated themselves [from a rock] and achieved their 

 end. The ruler Darma dbyig dur btsan, Cogro legs sgra, Dabs 

 (dbus ?) dore stags snya, and 9 aBal 'akhor zhes legs-pa, these four, 



agong nagpo 



nagpo, and Byang rong 



They dethroned the monks. As they did not succeed in 

 throwing the [image] of the god Shakya mune into the water. 

 they buried it in the earth. The [book] Byams pa choskyi 

 'akhorlo was buried in the sand. The doors of bSam yas and 

 'aPhrul snang [monasteries] in Lhasa were closed with walls, 

 and plaster was laid [over them]. A letter was written that the 

 monks should drink beer. The distinctive mark of the monks Fol. 22a. 

 was not kept up. Some were turned out ; some fled ; the re- 

 maining ones were sent a-hunting with a hunting drum, 

 bow, arrows, and dogs; and some were made butchers. Reli- 

 gious ceremonies were not [again] introduced, and his subjects 

 were forbidden under penalty to resent it. The [religiousj cus- 

 toms were thoroughly destroyed. They disappeared from the 



1 Notes on this king. The great treaty with the Chinese was 

 carved on a pillar at Lhasa. Translation from the Chinese by Bushell , 

 see J.R.A.S., 1880. My translation from the Tibetan text in Epigraphia 

 Indica, 1910. In the Chinese inscription he is called The-chili-tsan. 

 According to the Thangshu, he was always ill, and the government was 

 in the hands of his ministers. According to S. Ch. Das, J.A.S.B.. 1881, 

 under him a first history of Tibet was written. He is mentioned as a 

 model king in the rOyal robs under That dbang mam rgyal I. 



