Vol. VI, No. 10.] Materia Medica Animalium Indica. 509 



[N.S.] 



ECHINOIDEA. 



ClDARIS Sp. 



Vern. : — Sang-yahudi, Sanj-jahud, Sungderaz, Surkoola, Pat- 

 har-ka-ber, Hind. ; Dugre bore, Bomb. Jews' stone. 



This fossil echinoid consists of the petrified spines of a sea 

 urchin. Extravagant ideas prevail as to the origin of this 

 drug which some suppose to be a petrified fruit. Pathar-ka- 

 ber, the name it has in Delhi, signifies stones or petrified fruits 

 of Zizyphus jububa. It is described in c< Taleef Shereef " 

 under the name of Sungjerahut and is said to be useful in 

 wounds and internally in flatulence and diarrhoea. It is sold 

 in Bombay and the Punjab. Samples in the Indian Museum 

 came from Delhi, Amritsar and Lahore. Mr. G. H. Tipper of 

 the Geological Survey informs me that they come from the 

 Jurassic of the Salt Range, Punjab. They contain 95 per cent, 

 of calcium carbonate. 



OLIGOCHiETA. 



Kharatin-khushk. 



Punjab 



Products," this is the name given to earth-worms collected in 

 the rains, dried and sold in Lahore. 



HIRUDINEA. 



Leeches. 



Jok, jonk, Hind.; Drik, Kashmir; Jala, Guz.; Attai, Tarn.; 

 Jelagalu, altalih, jeriku, Tel. ; Jigani, Kan. ; Atta, Malay ; 

 Miyon, minyon, Burm. ; Kudallu, pundal, Sing. ; Jalukaha, 

 Sans. ; Aalag, zalo, Arab. : Zalo^ zalok, Pers. 



Leeches have long been known and recommended by Sans- 

 krit writers. Those used in Bengal come chiefly from Baraset. 

 The best are said to be obtained from Shekoabad in the United 

 Provinces. Large numbers ate caught at Patiala in the Pun- 

 jab. The species of Indian leeches have not been scientifically 

 determined. 



Crab. 



CRUSTACEA. 



The carapace shells of crabs are employed medicinally at 

 Lahore under the name of Kekra (Baden Powell). 



The so-called " crab's eyes," sold in oriental bazars, are 

 the opercula of gasteropod molluscs. (See Turbo sp.) 



Pekets monodon, Fabr. . . . . . . Dried Prawn. 



Vein : — Mahi rubian, Hind. 



These dried crustaceans of a pinkish colour come from the 



coast of Sind and arp anlrl in t.hft bazars of the Puiliab. 



