518 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [November, 1910. 



The oil has the following constants : — Specific gravity at 

 15 0, 921 ; Acid value 21*36; saponification value 198*8; iodine 

 value 106*9 ; Reichert-Meissl value '71 ; Fatty acids per cent. 

 94 ; melting at 25*5° ; neutralisation value 205 ; iodine value 

 116*5. The solid fats consist chiefly of palmitin ; no sperma- 

 ceti is present. 



UNGULATA. 



Rhinoceros unicornis, Linn. . . The Rhinoceros. 



Linschoten devotes a chapter to the value of the various 

 parts of this animal. He says : " Their horns in India are much 

 esteemed and used against all venime, poyson, and many other 

 diseases : likewise his teeth, claws, flesh, skin and blood, and 

 his very dung and water and all, whatsoever is about him, is 

 much esteemed in India, and used for the curing of many 

 diseases and sicknesses, which is very good and most true, 

 as I myself have found." ■ In Taleef Shereef (translated by 

 PI ay fair, 1833) rhinoceros flesh and smoke from the horn are 

 highly praised. The horn, assumed to be that of the unicorn, 

 had virtues ascribed to it in Europe up to the seventeenth 

 century. 



The urine from the animal preserved in the Zoological 

 Gardens, Calcutta, is in great demand to the present day as a 

 tonic for the treatment of enlarged spleen. It was analysed by 

 Col. L. A. Waddell in 1893 (Indian Medical Gazette. May), 

 who found it to be alkaline in reaction to have phosphates in 

 abundance. 



The dried blood of the Rhinoceros (R. sondaicus) is used in 

 Moulmein as an important medicine under the name of Kyan 

 thwe. The blood is dried in the gut of the bowel and resembles 

 black pudding. The price is one rupee per tical or one rupee 

 in weight. It is valued by Burmans and Chinese. In the 

 Mandalay drug shops a substance similar to congealed blood is 

 sold as a substitute for the more costly rhinoceros blood. Its 

 origin could not be ascertained. 



Bos INDICA 



• • 



. . The Cow. 



Vern. : — Gao-lochan, Hind. ; Korashanum , Tarn. ; Hejr-iil- 

 bucker, Arab. ; Gowzerch, Pers. ; Gorochana, Sans. The biliary 

 calculus of the cow or ox. 



These secretions are found in the gall bladder of cows and 

 oxen in India. They are of the size of a large marble and of a 

 bright yellow colour. They are considered valuable in certain 

 indispositions of young children, accompanied with acidity 

 and deficiency of bile ; they are besides reckoned cordial and 

 alexipharmic, and useful in abortion and diseases supposed to 

 be caused by evil spirits. 



