704 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [Extra No. 



There are, of course, some irregular formations as 



Infinitive. Past Participle. 



TW . . hona . . to be . . w*QT . . hua. 



^•TT . • dena . . to give . . f^^r . . diya. 



*Nt . . lend . . to take . . f%3T . . liya. 



^TiTT . . jana . . to go . . faror . . giya. 



16. The Imperative. 



The singular imperative is, as in Urdu, the plain root of 



the Verb, e.g., *mc — mar = beat ! 



The plural imperative either takes the Urdu form *?FCf 

 maro, or the Urdu precative form with a slight difference of 

 intonation as *jtVt, maryo. The difference in use between these 



appears to be two- fold. 



The precative form is more distant, and future; the 



imperative form more immediate. The imperative form again 



would be used to a junior or to a low-caste person, while to a 



senior the precative form may be used, even of immediate 



action. 



The Urdu precative form in — ' iye,' e.g., kariye,is not used 

 in Jatu. 



# 



17. The Aorist Tense. 



This differs from Urdu in the form of the first person 

 plural, which ends in ^rf an, e.g., — 



Singular. Plural. 



% *4 . . main karun . . TW **f . . ham karah. 



JJW* . . tu kare . . gir *<t . . turn karo. 



^>* *t . . oh kare . . t <rt . . we kareh. 



Note (1). These terminations correspond exactly to thos< 

 of the Auxiliary Verb, which is conjugated below. 



(2) In the Verb ^tt^it, jana the first person singular is «rf 

 jaii as well as «it«. jauh. 



18. The Auxiliary Verb. 



Present. 

 8 ingular. Plural. 



* ^ • . main sun . . T*T 3f • • nam 8 *" 



3 % . . tu se . . gw tt . turn so. 



^"T* % . . oh se . . W *? 



we sen 



