1922.] History and Ethnology of N.-E. India. 45 
The Portuguese, under command of Dominique Carvallho, 
a vassal of the Bakla Rajah, and Manuel de Mattos, from Cha- 
[p. 412] tigan, seized the island, but before they could secure 
a red ‘“‘ Kosahs’” from Sripir, sailed for Sondip. The 
Poréugiices joined battle and were victorious, capturing over a 
hundred war boats, so many of their own vessels were 
but 
disabled that they hastily evacuated the island and retreated to 
Bakla, Sripdr, and “Ciandecan.” The King of Arakan having 
recovered Sondip. invaded Bakla, threatened Jessore, and 
boasted aia he would conquer the whole of Ben 
y, 1603, Carvallho was at Sripur, a city belonging to 
the Bhitya. Kedar Rai, superintending the equipment of thirty 
“ Jaleas,’’> whena fleet sent by the viceroy, Rajah Man Singh, 
and consisting of one hundred *“‘ Kosahs ”’ under “‘ Mandarai, ’’ 
hove in sight. Carvallho, hastily disposing his ships, engaged 
the enemy, and after a stubborn fight captured several vessels, 
and put the rest to flight. Mandarai was slain, and Carvallho 
severely wounded. The Muhammadan historian § givesa very 
different account of the battle. Kaid RAi Zamindar of Bikram- 
confederates. were defeated and many boats ‘aban. The 
narrative, however, ends with the suspicious statement that the 
ajah was compelled to entrench himself in front of the 
imperial troops to provide safety against their attacks. 
Carvallho proceeded to Hughli to have his wounds treated, 
and on his recovery, being invited by the B tiya of Jessore to 
join in a war against the Mags, he proceeded, in spite of many 
warnings, to that court, where he was made prisoner and put to 
death. 
Although the Portuguese were turbulent and lawless, pillag- ~ 
ing Mags, Hindus, and Muhammadans without distinetion, 
they were sometimes entrusted with high military comman 
Bengal. For instance, Pyrard de Laval mentions one ‘ ‘Je ean 
Garie,”’ who had under him ten thousand of the Bengal troops. 

1 ** Rex hig Para gee et Bengalae, Pegusii dominus.’’ De 
Jarric, tom. iii, lib. 3, 
2A‘ ‘Kosah” ies aw ar Dont driven by oars, but having one mast. 
3 A ** Jalea,”’ from Sanskrit « ‘** Jala,” water, was a name applied to 
—— genera rally ; : 
“Vie impiger et tota Bengala ese ernment De J cabins Pi acsatron 
was ths title given by the Portuguese to any governor, or ¢ 
the East. Itis derived from “ Mandar, ” tocommand. The English title. 
Mandarin, for a Chi nese official, is the same w 
_— t’s ‘* History o: of India,” vi, 109. 
Vag age de Frangois Pyrard de Laval,” p. 239. [ ** Pyrard de 
ia left tt for Europe in 1610. He had been several years in the 
