1922.] Concerning a Bon Image. 205 
Padmasambhava’s Tantrism. I suppose that this statement 
as to be interpreted in the sense that the compromise effected 
by Padmasambhava has resulted in mutual concessions and 
adaptations which make it difficult to say where, in present 
practice, the purely native and the Buddhistic foreign elements 
begin and end. So it is said that in the 4 RE there are 
nine progressive vehicles, ATTASTTAAY, and that also in 
the Old Sect, that of the Nying-ma-pas, there are nine succes- 
+ . s pny Bony . 7 ° _ . oad 7 meee rere! 
sive vehicles: SA] 5° RZ] ayg5] frac] gs bea | 
Each ceremony or cho-ga, Sy, is divided, in both 
religions, into three parts. 
NAAR’, beginning, prologue 
— ~ 
2. acaTala’, substance, essence, body. 
3. Bar ay, winding up, final, epilogue. 
These three divisions are sub-divided under nine heads : 
iL HAN AT, refuge. 
2. qx QRS", blessing, consecration. 
3. HFA, invitation, citation. 
4 RARE puja, worship. 
5. qss4', praise, invocation. 
6 Aa, japa, repetition, recitation. 
7: WAAAY confession. 
oe, eee Se 
8. ETA or as ES. : meditation. 
9. ATA, mangalam, benediction. 
These nine together constitute one complete ritual or 
ceremony, 4 SNSAC | 
The similarity in terminolgy, doctrines and practices of 
the two religions is explained as follows. The history of reli- 
