258 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [N.S., XVIII, 
passage of the Aitareya Brahmana' the king consecrated with 
the Aindramahabhisheka is called Virat, worthy of Vazrajya. 
The rendering of Vairajya by kingless would make according 
to him a king worthy of a kingless State 
Madra was once a centre of learning and noted for refine- 
. ment in manners. e have mention in Vedic literature of two 
celebreties of Madra viz. (1) Kapya Pataiichala who_is repre- 
sented as a contemporary and teacher of Uddaiaka Aruni the 
veteran Vedic scholar and philosopher of Kuru Pavichala® and 
(2) Saungayani another teacher mentioned in the Vaméa Bra- 
hmana*® whose pupil was Aupamanyava of Kamboja. Zimmer 
Panini mentions a place named Sankala® which according 
to some is to be identified with Sakala the capital of Madra. . 
But Sir R. G. Bhandarkar adduces good grounds for believing 
that it should rather be traced to Sangala of the historians 
of Alexander, a city which is quite distinct from Saka a.b 
The Maddas and their capital city Sagala are often men- 
tioned in the Jataka and the Epic stories... In a verse of the 
Vidhurapandita Jataka the Maddas are mentioned with lofty 
Paficala, Surasena, Macchas and Kekakas.* The Birth Stories 
and the Great Epic represent the Madras as living under @ 
monarchical constitution and we read often of matrimonial al- 
liances with the neighbouring rcyal families. In two of the 
Kasiraja of Benares was a daughter of a king of the Maddas. 
oO was Subhadda the queen of another Benares king.!° In the 
Kusa Jataka" princess Pabhavati the eldest daughter of the 



i VIEL PS, 
2 Brih ny 37,1. 
8 Indische Studien 4,372. Wedic Index, Vol. II p. 149. 
+ Altindisches Leben, 102; Vedic Index, Vol. II, p. 123. 
5 IV, 2. 76, 8 Indian Antiquary, Vol. I, p. 22. 
1 The Jataka Trans. Ed. by Cowell; IV, 479. V, 514, 531. VI, 538: 
545, 547. Mbh. VIII, 40-45. — 
8 VI, 545, 9 VI, 538. 
10 V,514. It is to be noted that in both the cases the Benares 
ssed 16,000 wives. This is interesting in view ot 
ee ong oe Okkaka is also said to have possessed 16,000 wives 
, 531. This story al ‘ : 
Senart, IT, 441 et seq. y also appears in a variant form in 





