Pi aegis 
sae aioe i, 
: 
260 Journal of the Asiatic Society 6f Bengal. [N.S., XVIII. : 
Anguitara Nikdya' is also evident in the Jatakas and the 
rulers are generally designated ‘‘ King of the Maddas.” The 
reason probably for the absence of Madda in the above lists is 
that in the period represented by the Nikaya and the Bhagavati 
Sutra, it was annexed to one of the neighbouring ‘“‘ Great coun- 
tries” probably Gandhara whose king Pukkusati in Buddha’s 
time maintained diplomatic intercourse with king Bimbis6ra of 
Magadha. 
In the Jatakas we do not get much about the manners aun 
customs of the Madras. This is supplied by the Karnaparva | 
of the Mahabharata. The Madra country in the period which 
saw the composition of this portion of the Great Epic, was 

looked down upon by the orthodox communities of the ‘ middle- 
country’ watered by the Sarasvati, Ganges and the Yamuna. 
This is clearly revealed by the sharp passage at arms between : 
the Madra king Salya and Karna. Though some allowance 
must be made for the fact that the description and epithets 
were used in a quarrel, there can be no doubt that there is a 
substantial basis of truth in the remarks. Karna here poses 
as the champion of the orthodox community. Thus he says :— 
‘There is a town of the name of Cakala, a river of the 
name of Apaga® and a clan of the Vahikas known by the 
name of the Jarttikas. The practices of these peoples are very 
censurable. They drink the liquor called Gauda and eat fried 
barley withit. They also eat beef with garlics.... of righteous 
practices they have none Their women intoxicated with 
rink and divested of robes, laugh and dance outside the walls 
of houses in cities, .... Maddened with drink, they call upon 
one another, many endearing epithets.’”* And again :— 
“How indeed would the Madrakas and Sindhu-Sauviras 
know anything of duty, being born, as theyare, in a sinfu 
country, being peecien, ve their practices, and being totally 
regardless of all dut : 
The above qasteeons fully illustrate the contempt and 
aversion with which the Land of the Five Rivers was held at this 
period. This attitude of the Middle Country is a bit peculiar 
and demands explanation. In the Vedic period Madra was 
surely not a seat for unorthodoxy for we know from the 
Bihalanaiguks Upanishad that Képy ya Patanchala was then 
living among them. In the Jatakas we find the Madra prin- 
cesses much in demand in the Eastern countries while in the 
Great Epic itself a princess (Madri) of the House of Madra is 



1 Carmichael Lectures 1918, p 

i ree 
_3 Identified by Pi iackontg with the Ayak Nadi, a small streain 
which has its rise in the Jammu hills to the north-east of Sialkot. The 
wages Geography of ah p. 185. 
» Mahabharata, Trans s. by P.C. Ray, C.I.E., VIII, XLIV, 10-18. 
’ fdid., Viti, ZL: 

