268 Journal of the Asiatic Soc. of Bengal. [N.S., XVIIT, 1922] 
be given up to the scion of the Thakkiyva familv who had become 
his servant in the office of Chamberlain. The verse runs as 
follows ! :—- 
Hritam Bhojadhirdjena sa Samrdjyam addpayat. 
Pratiharataya bhrityibhite Thakkiyakanvaye. 
There is some controversy about the identification of this 
adhiraja Bhoja. But as at this period we find no other king 
of the name Bhoja who is powerful enough to be called adhiraja 
it is better to identify him with the great Pratihara emperor. 
lt seems therefore that Madra at this period was under the 
suzerainty of the Pratiharas though it often became the bone 
of contention between Kanauj and Kashmir.’ 
About the history of Madra after this period little is 
known. Just on the eve of the Mahomedan conquest we find 
the Sialkot region under a family of kings two of which Jaya- 
pala and his son Anandapala were worsted in war by Sabukti- 
gin (986-997 A.D.). Jayvapala ruled over most of the Punjab 
to the north of Sindh. Madra with the rest of Punjab seems 
to have been annexed to the Ghazni Sultanate by Sultan 
Mahmiid (997-1030 A.D.) son of Sabuktigin. 
The history of Madra attempted in this paper is no more 
than a mere account of an ancient tribe conquering and 
conquered who having descended into the Panjab from their 
mountain fastnesses on and beyond the Himalayas gradually 
the political and social history of the Hindus. The Madras 
build up India what it is to day. 
ener TT 

1 Ra@jatarangini, V, 151. 
® Dr. Smith, however, is of opinion that ‘ therule of Parihars never 
xtended across the Sutlej, and the history of the Panjab between the 
nd ies i ely ate SS 
1920, pp. 189 and 183. 
* Kasika while commenting on Panini IV. 2. 108. mentions Paurod 
This seems 
- But Kasika is very late and it is difficult to locate the twoset 
po gaa aeons Benares ed. p. 325. Otto Béhtlingk, Paninis’ Gramm 
tr, p. - 



